-
Period: 1095 to 1291
Crusades
It is a Holy War. It is a war between Christians and Muslims. A religious clash between Christianity and Islam. The Christians fought to gain back Holy land from Islamics. It was a dark time. -
1300
Renaissance
"Renaissance" means "rebirth" in French. This period was the time for aspiring artists, writers, and revolutionary people to spring forth. The better known being, Michelangelo, Leonardo Da Vinci, William Shakespeare, and Niccolò Machiavelli. -
Period: Nov 7, 1337 to 1453
Hundred Years' War
A war fought between England and France over the French throne. Five kings from two rival sides fought to rule. The war lasted 116 years. The kings who fought were -
1340
Black Death
A deadly disease spread to Europe from the Mongolians. The disease, spread by fleas from rats, killed a person in a few days to a week. It killed off 30-60% of Europe's population. -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Slave Trade
Also known as the Columbian Exchange(?). The Columbian exchange occurred between the Americas, Africa, and Europe. The Columbian Exchange occurred after Christopher Columbus's 1942 voyage. Crops, livestock, and slaves were traded between three countries. Disease was spread due to the exchange. -
Period: 1400 to 1500
Columbian Exchange
The Columbian Exchange was a trade between the Americas, Europe, and Africa. The Exchange followed after Columbus reached what is now, North America. Cash crops, slaves and disease were traded with the triangular trade. Traded from the Americas, there were tomatoes, potatoes, corn, vanilla, cacao and tobacco. From Europe, there were oranges, lemons, apples, bananas, mangos, coffee, and wheat. -
1431
Joan of Arc Burned at the Stake
A canonized Roman Saint, Joan of Arc inspired art and literature. She was considered a heroine of France. When younger, she saw visions of Archangel Michael, Saint Margaret, and Saint Catherine of Alexandria. She instructed to support Charles VII and separate France from England. Later on, she was captured by the English and put on trial, ending with her being burned at the stake. -
1440
Johannes Gutenberg Printing Press
After books having to be hand-written, Johannes created the printing press to make books faster. The printing press had moveable metal letters, which could be reorganized to create different words. The first book mass printed was the bible. -
Apr 6, 1453
Fall of Constantinople
When the Ottoman Empire captured the capital of the Byzantine Empire. With the capture of the capital(and two other properties of the Byzantine Empire), the Byzantine Empire was ended. The city had been protected by a wall, keeping out intruders. The city was a continuation of the Roman Empire, lasting for over 1,500 years, but finally died of on this date. -
Nov 1, 1478
Start of the Spanish Inquisition
Established by the catholic monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was to keep the Catholic religion in their kingdoms and to replace the medieval Inquisition -
1492
Christopher Columbus Lands in the New World
Christopher Columbus was an explorer and navigator. After sailing across the sea to find a way to South-East Asia(India), instead finding the "New World"(he landed on an island near America). He called the inhabitants of the places he had landed,"Indians". -
1503
Mona Lisa Completed
The most well known, well talked-about, piece of art out there, is the Mona Lisa. Painted in 1503, it is well-known by most people. It is referenced in songs, writing, or is just referenced through speech. It was painted by Leonardo Da Vinci, painted between 1503 and 1506, but may have even been worked on later on in 1517! -
1508
Michelangelo Begins Painting the Sistine Chapel
The Sistine Chapel, known by many, was painted in 1508 by Michelangelo. It took around 4 years to paint, ending in 1512. It is located in Vatican City, and is available to visit(with a ticket). -
Period: Apr 21, 1509 to Jan 28, 1547
King Henry VIII's Reign
Henry VIII is well known for his six marriages, and to have his first marriage annulled. With arguing with the pope, he initiated the English Reformation, separating the church from England. Though he was excommunicated from the church, he remained a catholic believer. -
1517
Martin Luther Posts 95 Theses
Martin Luther posted a page of 95 things he believed was wrong with the Church. He nailed it to the door of the Church. Each theses was a Criticism that he wanted them to fix. The thesis was written in Latin, intended for the church leaders. -
1519
Cortez Conquers the Aztecs
Led by Hernan Cortez, the Spanish conquest was a revolutionary achievement for the European settlers. A battle started between Cortez and the Aztecs, resulting in plenty of the Aztecs' blood shed. -
1532
"The Prince"
From the 16th-century, "The Prince" was a book that was about political philosophy. The first version appeared around 1513, the printed version appeared in 1532. "The descriptions within The Prince have the general theme of accepting that the aims of princes – such as glory and survival – can justify the use of immoral means to achieve those ends:[8] He who neglects what is done for what ought to be done, sooner effects his ruin than his preservation." -
Period: 1545 to
Counter Reformation
The response of the church to the Protestant Reformation. Caused the proper training for priests. It also caused the Church to attempt to reconvert all who were protestantized during the reformation. -
Period: Jan 16, 1548 to
Ivan the Terrible's Reign
Ivan IV Vasilyevich, mostly known as Ivan the Terrible, was coronated January 16th, 1547. A more accurate translation would be "Ivan the Formidable". He was the Grand Prince of Moscow from 1533 to 1547. He moved on to be "Tsar of All the Russias". He died in 1584. During his lifetime, he was described as intelligent and devout, but had outbursts of rage and mental instability. The number of his outbursts increased as he aged. In one of these outbursts, he killed his son and heir, Ivan Ivanovich. -
1555
Peace of Augsburg
Also known as the Augsburg Settlement. A treaty signed by the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V and Schmalkaldic League. It was signed at the city of Augsburg on September 1555. It ended the religious battle between Lutheranism and Roman Catholicism. This took down the choice for a ruler to choose which religion their state would be. -
Period: Nov 17, 1558 to
Queen Elizabeth's Reign
Queen Elizabeth I was the Queen of England and Ireland from September 7, 1533 to March 24th 1603. She was the daughter of Henry VIII and Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn. As a queen she was kinder than her father and her half-siblings. She was tolerant with religion and avoided prosecution. The time Elizabeth ruled was called the "Elizabethan Era". She ruled for 44 years. During the time she ruled, English drama flourished, which was led by playwrites such as Shakespeare. -
Spanish Armada
The Spanish Armada was a Spanish fleet made up of 130 from A Coruña, that sailed to invade England. The purpose of the Armada was to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I. The Armada was sent under the command of Duke of Medina Sidoni. The Armada dropped anchor off Calais. While awaiting further commands, an English attack scattered the Armada. -
Edict of Nantes
The Edict of Nantes was signed by Henry IV of France. The edict separated civil from religious unity. After the edict was signed, some Protestants were treated better than they were originally treated(which would be like schismatics and heretics). This progressed towards religious tolerance. The Edict was created to end the long-ending Wars of Religion. -
King Charles the First Executed
On November 19th, 1600, Charles I was executed for treason. He would be the first monarch to be executed(?). He ruled over three kingdoms: England, Scotland and Ireland. He ruled from the 27th of March 1625 to 1649, which was the year of his execution. He was born from King James VI of Scotland, but later moved to England. -
Period: to
Era of the Samurai
The Samurai were military nobility that existed in Japan. They were existed in medieval and pre-modern Japan. They populated less than 10% of Japan's population. Their teachings can be found in everyday life, to Japanese martial arts. A samurai was usually name by combining one Kanji from his father or grandfather and one new Kanji. -
William Shakespeare Death
William Shakespeare, was a renowned writer, even considered now. He was famous for writing with consideration -
Petition of Rights
The Petition of Rights was a major English document that created right for all individuals of England that the monarch was prohibited from infringing. It was passed on June 7th, 1628. -
Lord George Macartney Expelled
He was Irishman, and was a British statesman, colonial administrator, and diplomat. -
Period: to
Opium War
A war between China and Europe over trade of opium and silk/tea/porcelain. China refused any further trade of Opium to them, resulting in the war.
