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Yogurt and cheese made with lactic acid-producing bacteria by various cultures.
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Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa
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Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox
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Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation.
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Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance
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Robert Koch develops a technique for staining bacteria for identification
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Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens.
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Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister
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Karl Ereky, a Hungarian agricultural engineer, first uses the word biotechnology.
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Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic: penicillin.
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James D. Watson and Francis Crick describe the structure of DNA
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Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer perform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment using bacterial genes.
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The U.S. patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer.
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Humulin, Genentech’s human insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug to be approved by the Food and Drug Administration.
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The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique is conceived.
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First federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder.
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The United States Food and Drug Administration approves the first GM food: the “Flvr Savr” tomato.
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British scientists, led by Ian Wilmut from the Roslin Institute, report cloning Dolly the sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells.
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Completion of a “rough draft’ of the human genome in the -[Human Genome Project]
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Celera Genomics and the Human Genome Project create a draft of the human genome sequence.. It is published by Science and Nature Magazine.
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Rice becomes the first crop to have its genome decoded.
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The Human Genome Project is completed,providing information on the locations and sequence of human genes on all 46 chromosomes.
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Japanese astronomers launch the first Medical Experiment Module called "Kibo", to be used on the International Space Station.
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Cedars- Sinai Heart Institute uses modified SAN heart genes to create the first viral pacemaker in guinea pigs, now known as iSANs
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Thirty-one-year-old Zac Vawter successfully uses a nervous system-controlled bionic leg to climb the Chicago Willis Tower.