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The Chinese discover fermentation through beer making
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Yogurt and cheese made with lactic acid-producing bacteria by various cultures
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Egyptians bake leavened bread using yeast
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Moldy soybean curds are used an antibiotic
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The Greeks practice crop rotation for maximum soil fertility
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Chinese use chrysanthemum as a natural insecticide
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Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek discovers and describes bacteria and protozoa
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Edward Jenner uses first viral vaccine to inoculate a child from smallpox
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Louis Pasteur discovers the bacterial origin of fermentation
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Gregor Mendel discovers the laws of inheritance
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Robert Koch develops a technique for staining bacteria for identification
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Louis Pasteur develops vaccines against bacteria that cause cholera and anthrax in chickens
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Louis Pasteur and Emile Roux developed the first rabies vaccine and use it on Joseph Meister
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Karl Ereky first uses the word biotechnology
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Alexander Fleming notices that a certain mould could stop the duplication of bacteria, leading to the first antibiotic: Penicillin
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James D. Watson and Francis Creek describe the structure of DNA
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Stanley Norman Cohen and Herbert Boyer perform the first successful recombinant DNA experiment, using bacterial genes
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The U.S. patent for gene cloning is awarded to Cohen and Boyer
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Humulin, the insulin drug produced by genetically engineered bacteria for the treatment of diabetes, is the first biotech drug approved by the FDA
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The Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique is conceived
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The first federally approved gene therapy treatment is performed successfully on a young girl who suffered from an immune disorder
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The United States FDA approves the first GM food: the "Flavr Savr" tomato
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British scientists from the Roslin Institute report cloning Dolly, the first sheep using DNA from two adult sheep cells
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The completion of a "rough draft" of the human genome in the Human Genome Project
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The Human Genome Project is completed, providing information on the locations and sequence of human genes on all 46 chromosomes
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Thirty-one-year-old Zac Vawter successfully uses a nervous system-controlled bionic leg to climb the Chicago Willis Tower.
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An international team of researchers published the full genome of the Pacific oyster, making it the first mollusk ever sequenced
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Austrian researchers announce that they had coaxed pluripotent stem cells made from skill cells into differentiating and growing objects known as organoids
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The U.S. Supreme Court rules that naturally occurring genes cannot patented
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Using cells from human donors, doctors, for the first time, built a set of vocal cords from scratch. The cells were urged to form a tissue that mimics vocal fold mucosa – vibrating flaps in the larynx that create the sounds of the human voice.
