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The Crusades were "Holy Wars" to try to gain control of Jerusalem and Palestine from the Muslim Turks. Kings and the Church saw the Crusades as an opportunity to get rid of quarrelsome people that caused problems and disrupted the peace.
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The Renaissance was a time when focus was shifted to focus on you as a person, this was called humanism. Another large part of the Renaissance was art.
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The 100 years war was between France and England. Although the French army was larger the English Army was better diciplined and therefore able to win the war.
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25 million people died because of the Black Death. The Black Death got to Europe from Mongolia because of trade from Mongolia.
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Zhu Yuanshang was the first emperor of the Ming Dynasty in 1368. The Ming Dynasty was marked by many accomplishments and public works.
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Zheng He led 7 total voyages across the Indian Ocean. The first voyage launched July 7, 1405.
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Joan was orrigionally on trial for a list of over 70 things, but by the end of the trial it was narrowed down to just 12. Joan of arc was illiterate so she signed everything with a cross.
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Constantinople was conquered under the command of Sultan Mehmed II. After conquering Constantinople he had "The Conquerer" added to his name.
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The first book that was printed on the Printing Press was the King James Bible. Because of the printing press books were made more availiable snd as a result more people became literate.
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On his voyage Columbus had three ships, the Nina,the Pinta, and the Santa Maria. When Columbus landed he named the place San Salvador.
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According to the treaty of 1492 their religious institutions could be preserved and they could continue to use their language and abide by their customs but within 7 years these terms were broken. The Final expulsion of Muslims did not happen until over a century later.
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On his first expidition Da Gama had 148 men along with him. They sailed for 4 months before they even saw land.
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No one knows exactly how many slaves were traded during this time period but there are estimates of up to 10 million. The ship voyages took several months, and during this time all the slaves were chained up below deck all day and night.
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The Safavid Empire covered all of Iran and parts of Turkey and Georgia. The strength of the empire came from it's location on the trade routes.
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The new world was named America for Amerigo Vespucci. Amerigo was actually abord the ship that origionally discovered South America.
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Because of his ability to study the human form Da Vinci was able to paint and draw more realistically than any of the other artists of his time. The Mona Lisa is Da Vinci's most well known work of art.
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Michelangelo didn't want to paint the Sistine Chapel in the first place, but he spent years being forced to paint it. Michaelangelo origionally started to paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel for Pope Julius II.
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Martin Luther was against the buying of indulgences to get into heaven. He believed that you had to live a life of humility to recieve God's favor.
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Ferdinand Magellan was the first person to lead a voyage to circumnavigate the world. The crew that Magellan had with him was from all over the world, not just Spaniards.
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The Munghal Empire ruled most of northern India. It was a noteable empire for its over two centuries worth of successful rule over most of India.
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Henry VIII was the head of the Church of England. It was an act of Supremacy that declared Henry VIII the head of the Church.
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Atahualpa was the Emporer when Pizarro inveded the Inca empire. Pizarro killed Atahualpa by strangulation.
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The heliocentric theory is the theory that the Earth and other planets revolve around a stationary sun. This theory never gained wide support because no one could explain why the stars didn't seem to move even though Earth did.
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The Council of Trent was held in Bologna, Italy. Many believe that the Council of Trent was the embodiment of the counter-reformation.
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Phillip married Elizabeth I of England but as part of the marriage arrangement he renounced having any claim to the English throne. While ruling Spain Phillip II severely oppressed the Moors.
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Queen Elizabeth I was never married. She enforced the protestant religion by law.
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The Enlightenment was a set of values and at its core it questioned customs and morals. It was a culutral movement that emphasized reason and individualism instead of tradition and uniformity.
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Jamestown was the first permanent Biritsh settlement in America. Jamestown was settled 13 years before the pilgrams came.
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Louis XIV had the longest reign as King in European history. Louis became king at a young age but was still very successful.
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Qing is the last feudal dynasty in Chinese history. During the beginning of the dynasty territory grew rapidly.
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When Thomas Hobbes wrote Leviathan he was living in exile in Paris. He undertook writing to protect his monarchist idea.
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Cromwell established Puritanism and had a degree of religious tollerance. Cromwell was not strict but he did have a hatred for Irish Catholics because he thought they were all potential traitors.
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When Peter became Czar he was only 10 years old. One of Peter's main goals was to access the Baltic sea and Baltic trade.
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Catherine's rule was one of the most prosperous periods for the Russian Empire. During her rule Catherine waged two successful wars against the Ottomans.
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The reason the French Revolution started was because Louis XVI needed money. He had to convine the Estates General and while they were together tensions grew and the French Revolution errupted.
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During the ratifying conventions, the public was informed as to the decisions that were being made. Qualified men used a variety of resources to accuratly ratify the Constitution.
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The Reign of Terror began after the death of Louis XVI. The first victim was Mary Antoinette.
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Napolean was crowned emperor in the Notre Dame de Paris. During his corronation it is rumored that Napolean took the crown from the pope and crowned himself showing his disrespect for authority.
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Napolean was defeated by the Duke of Wellington. He lost the battle because he waited till after mid day to attack which allowed the enemy forces to get up to battle lines to attack.
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The hold the Takugawa Shogunate had on the Japanese people started to disentegrate because of serious economic, political, and social pressures. Before he even got there people were questioning the authority of the Shogun.
