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Paris Peace Conference
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Kemal Sent to Anatolia
Important #2: Kemal, an experienced Ottoman field commader, is sent to deal with local Turkish resistance groups. These groups were the "societies for the defense of rights," rising up against the division of Turkish soil. Kemal asserted leadership over this movement, marking the beginning of his nationalist movement. -
Greek invasion of Turkey
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Sivas Congress
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Kemal's party wins elections
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The Grand National Assembly founded
Important #1: The Grand National Assmbly of Turkey was founded in Ankara. Kemal created his own government in Ankara with himself as president, in contrast with the pre-existing government in Istanbul. The formation of his new nationalist government was an important step in gaining nationwide support. -
Treaty of Sevres
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Turkey and Soviet Union invade Armenia
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Assembly adopts the National Pact
Important #4: The assembly adopted a constitution that contained the National Pact, which formed the basis of Turkish foreign policy, and affirmed the right of Turkish sovereignty of portions of the empire inhabited by Turkish majority. This pact shows the steps Ataturk took to gain Turkish sovereignty. -
Soviety Union and France recognize Ankara as the legitimate government of Turkey, and Italy withdraws its forces from southern Anatolia
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Kemal's forces enter Izmir and head north for Istanbul to the Allied garrisons
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Armistice of Mudanya signed
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Abolishment of Sultanate
Important #3: The assembly passed a resolution that separated the caliphate from the sultanate and eliminated the sultanate. This represents how Ataturk was beginig to secularize the government by removing religious influence from politics. This marked the end of the Ottoman politica era. -
Treaty of Lausanne signed
Important #5: Turkish sovereignty recognized over all areas claimed by the National Pact. Ataturk's primay goal to etablish an independent Turkish state finally acheived. -
Mustafa Kemal becomes presidet of Turkey