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The Indian National Congress, colloquially the Congress Party or simply the Congress, is an Indian political party. Founded in 1885, it was the first modern nationalist movement to emerge in the British Empire in Asia and Africa. -
The Indian independence movement was a series of historic events with the ultimate aim of ending British rule in India. It lasted from 1857 to 1947. The first nationalistic revolutionary movement for Indian independence emerged from Bengal. -
A policy or system of segregation or discrimination on grounds of race in South Africa. -
Group Areas Act was the title of three acts of the Parliament of South Africa enacted under the apartheid government of South Africa. The acts assigned racial groups to different residential and business sections in urban areas in a system of urban apartheid. -
A war in the British Kenya Colony that had Kenyan factions fighting British colonial rule. The Mau Mau advocated violent resistance to British domination in Kenya; the movement was especially associated with the ritual oaths employed by leaders of the Kikuyu Central Association to promote unity in the independence movement
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The Defiance Campaign against Unjust Laws was presented by the African National Congress at a conference held in Bloemfontein, South Africa. -
The revolution led by Fidel Castro and a small band of guerrilla fighters against a corrupt dictatorship in Cuba. Fidel Castro was Cuban socialist leader who overthrew a dictator in 1959 and established a Marxist socialist state in Cuba.
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The Algerian War was a major armed conflict between France and the Algerian National Liberation Front from 1954 to 1962, which led to Algeria winning its independence from France. An important decolonization war, it was a complex conflict characterized by guerrilla warfare and war crimes.
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an estimated 20,000 women of all races descending on Pretoria. The day of the protest was called for on a Thursday, the traditional day when black domestic workers had their day off, with the aim of ensuring a larger gathering of women. -
Ghanaians won their independence using boycotts, strikes, associations, and intelligent compromise. Kwame Nkrumah helped them gain their independence from Britain. -
Sharpeville, by Johannesburg. PAC led campaign of blacks to surrender themselves for arrest and led to small clashes and then the police firing, killing and wounding many. -
abolished indirect representation of blacks in Pretoria and divided Africans into ten ethnically discrete groups, each assigned a traditional “homeland.” -
A nationalist movement in the Belgian Congo demanded the end of colonial rule: this led to the country's independence. Minimal preparations had been made and many issues, such as federalism, tribalism, and ethnic nationalism, remained unresolved. They gained independence from Belgium. -
It was declared a white area under the Group Areas Act of 1950, and by 1982, the life of the community was over. More than 60 000 people were forcibly removed to barren outlying areas aptly known as the Cape Flats, and their houses in District Six were flattened by bulldozers. -
The Cambodian Civil War was a civil war in Cambodia fought between the forces of the Communist Party of Kampuchea against the government forces of the Kingdom of Cambodia. The Khmer Rouge (the communist party in Cambodia that imposed a reign of terror on Cambodian citizens) soon took over. -
a revolution against the Shah of Iran led by Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini, which resulted in Iran becoming an Islamic republic with Khomeini as its leader
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members of the South African Railway Police hid in wooden crates on the back of a railway truck and opened fire on a crowd of protesters in Athlone, Cape Town, killing three youths and injuring several others. -
was a South African anti-apartheid revolutionary, political leader, and philanthropist, who served as President of South Africa from 1994 to 1999.