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Agriculture allowed people to change from nomadic and based on migrations to settle in villages. It also fueled the Neolithic revolution.
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The Bronze Age was when the use of bronze to make tools became very popular. The first civilizations include Mesopotamia, the Olmecs, Norte Chico, the Shang Dynasty, the Nile Valley, and Indus Valley civilization.
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This was the time period in which Iron was the main source for constructing tools. This was the second of the three-age system for classifying prehistoric societies, following the Bronze Age.
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Alexander defeated the Persian Empire and conquered many places to expand his empire. He died in 323, and his kingdom was split into 3 kingdoms and ruled by Macedonian generals.
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The unification of China ended the warring states period, and this was a first for China. The Qin dynasty followed the Zhou dynasty and only lasted until 206. Legalism was largely practiced during this dynasty and Qin Shihuangdi largely opposed the practice of Confuciansim.
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The Han dynasty was one of China's longest major dynasties. During the first century, emperors began dieing young, and infants were even named emperor. The reasons for the collapse are: it simply became too big, landowning families were able to avoid paying taxes, and loyalty to the emperor weakened between the peasants.
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Established by the founder Jesus, Christianity is the practice of monotheism. It emerged from Judiasm, after Saint Paul spread the new of Jesus and the miracles.
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The Pax Romana was the time period between 27 BCE and 180 CE. It was a time of unprecedented peace and economic prosperity. After the death of Marcus Aurelius, and the appearance of Emperor Commodus, the Pax Roamana ended.
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Sand routes were often used in the Northern African region, and was rooted in environmental variation.
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The western Roman Empire collapsed in 476 when the German General Odoacer overthrew the last Roman Emperor. However, the Roman Empire was weakened boy before and after this event.
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Justinian expanded the Empire, and created his new set of laws called the Justinian Code. He also re-United the Roman Empire and is famous for the building of the Hagia Sophia.
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Islam became widely popular after the death of its founder, Muhammed Ibn Abdullah. The Quran is the religious book of Islam, and Muslims honor Muhammed by practicing the 5 pillars of Islam.
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Victory at Tours ensured the ruling dynasty of the Carolingians soon the successful expansion of Charlamagne.
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William, the Duke of Normandy, invaded England in 1066, beginning a campaign of conquest leading to his crowning as King of England and the establishment of Norman rule in England.
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This battle was between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuk Turkish forces, which led to the defeat of the Byzantine Empire.
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The crusades were thought to be "willed by God" and authorized by the Pope. This began in 1095, when Crsuaders flocked to eastern Mediterranean, where they temporarily carved out four small Christin states. They seized Jerusalem in 1099.
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Genghis Khan's grandson Mongke resolved to extend his rule to the Middle East, including Baghdad which was the seat of the Abbasid caliphs at the time.
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Mansa Musa founded the empire of Mali in Africa, and he was a devoted Muslim. He made the pilgrimage to Mecca in 1324.
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Constantine, who became a Christain during his rule, established the new capital of Constanitnople in the Byzantine Empire.
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Marco Polo was a Venetian merchant believed to have journeyed across Asia at the height of the Mongol Empire. He traveled along what came to be known as the Silk Road.
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Confucianism- social harmony through moral example, importance of education, and patriarchy; Buddhism- founded by Siddhartha Gauama, who was the Buddha. Suffering was thought of as moral living; Taoism-(Daoism) withdraw from the world into completing ion of nature.
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The most well known city-states during this time were Athens and Sparta. It began with the defeat of the Persians. Significant advances were made in art, philosophy, drama and literature.
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Ibn Battuta was born into a Muslim family and was the only medieval traveler who is known to have visited the lands of every Muslim ruler of his time.
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The disease is spread by fleas on rats, and it came to England by boat.
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After sending out seven gigantic naval expeditions under the command of Zheng He, and they traveled along the Indian Ocean trade routes as far as Arabia. In 1433 the government called them off.
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Portuguese explorer Bartolomeu Dias became the first European mariner to round the southern tip of Africa, opening the way for a sea route from Europe to Asia.
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Columbus sailed to the New World from Spain in three ships, the Santa Maria, the Pinta, and the Niña
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Merchants began capturing native Africans and sending them to the Americas to be sold as slaves.
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The 95 theses were a protest written by Martin Luther criticizing the selling of indulgences and the corruption of the Catholic Church.
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In 1519, Cortez reached Mexican coast of Yucatán. Since he knew that the Aztecs were a primary force in Mexico, he set out to rule them. Cortez took the Aztec ruler hostage, maniuplulated him, and ruled the Aztecs through him.
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Francisco Pizzaro strangles the last Incan emperor Atahuallpa, ending the 300 years of Inca civilization.
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A naval engagement in the waters of Greece between the Holy League and the Ottoman Turks while the Ottomans were trying to acquire the Venetian island of Cyprus. This marked the first significant victory for a Christian naval force over a Turkish fleet.
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The "invincible armada" is defeated by an English naval force under the command of Lod Charles Howard and Sir Francis Drake. After 8 hours of fighting, a change in wind direction caused the Spanish to retreat.
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This was the unification of Japan and the Beginning of the Tokugawa Rule.
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America's first permanent Englsih colony of Jamestown was founded in 1607 in Virginia. The government, language, customs, beliefs and aspirations of these Virginians are still part of the US heritage.
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This war began when HR emperor Ferdinand II of Bohemia attempted to curtail the religious activities of his subjects, which sparked rebellion among Protestants. The war involved the major powers of Europe, with Sweden, France, Spain, and Austria.
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The defeat of the ottoman army outside the gates of Vienna is usually regarded as the beginning of the decline of the Ottoman Empire.
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The English Bill of Rights was a British law, passed by the Parliament of Great Britain that declared the rights and liberties of the people and settling the succession in William III and Mary II following the Glorious Revolution in 1688.
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This essentially comprised two struggles. One centered on the maritime and colonial conflict between Britain and its Bourbon enemies France and Spain. The second on the conflict between Fredrick II of Prussia and his opponents: Austria, France, Russia and Sweden.
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The war of independence waged by the American colonies against Britain influenced political ideas and revolutions around the globe, as a fledging, largely disconnected nation won its freedom from the greatest military force of its time.
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The financial crisis of King Louis XVI forced the French monarch to convene the Estatses General in order to levy a new land tax that would hopefully solve his monetary woes. The Third Estate soon declared itself a "National Assembly", and sparked the revolution.
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Haiti proclaimed independence two months after their defeat of Napoleon. Saint Dominque was renamed Haiti.
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This assembly reorganized Europe after the Napoleonic Wars. It began in September 1814, five months after Napoleon I's first abdication and completed its "Final Act" in June 1815, shortly before the Waterloo campaign and the final defeat of Napoleon.
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Independence came rather suddenly to most of Spanish and Portuguese America.
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This war was fought between China and Britain, beginning in 1839. Britains smuggling of drugs like opium into China is the cause of this war.
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The communist manifesto was the written goals and intentions of communism as developed by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels.
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Perry, on behalf of the United States, forced Japan to enter into trade with the United States and demanded a treaty permitting trade and the opening of Jaoanese ports.
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Also called the Indian Mutiny; a widespread but unsuccessful rebellion against British rule in India in 1857-58. Begun in Meerut by Indian troops in th service of the British East India Company.
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In 1861 serfdom, the system which tied the RussiN peasants irrevocably to their landlords, was abolished at the Tsars imperial command.
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After the Union victory, he declared that all slaves in the rebellious states "shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free."
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The final act of German unification was the Franco-Prussian War, which ended with the French defeat, and the German Empire was proclaimed in the Palace at Versailles.
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The division of Africa into colonial states, ruled by other countries including Britian and France.
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This resulted in the US acquiring Philippine, Cuba, Guam and Puerto Rico.
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This war was between the British Empire and the Boers of the Transvaal and Orange Free State. In 1902, the British crushed the Boer resistance and the Peace of Vergeeniging was signed.
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Japan launched a surprise naval attack against Port Arthur, a Russian naval base in China, which sparked the war. The Japanese won a series of decisive victories over the Russians. This led to the Russian Revolution because of its military disastrous performance
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The first major political, social and cultural revolution of the 20th century and the US was affected by the human dislocation that resulted.
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This was the end of dynastic China and established the Republic of China which ended the imperial system.
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It began when a Serbain nationalist assassinated Archduke Franz Ferdinad of Austria
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Two revolutions swept through Russia, ending centuries of imperial rule and setting on motion political and social changes that would lead to the formation of the Soviet Union.
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This marked the end of World War 1.
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Black Tuesday hit Wall Street as investors traded some 16 million shares on the New York Stock Exchange in a single day. Billions of dollars were lost, wiping out thousands of investors.
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The Japanese wanted an excuse to invade Manchuria, and they found it. The Jaoanese claimed that Chinese soldiers had sabotaged the railway.
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It was an armed conflict that resulted in Ethipoias subjection to Italian rule. It demonstrated the League of Nations ineffectiveablity.
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This was the tactic used by the Germans in WWII. it was designed to create disorganization among enemy forces through the use of mobile forces and locally concentrated firepower.
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Hundreds of Jaoanese fighter planes attacked the American naval base at Pearl Harbor near Honolulu, which led to America finally joining WWII.
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The Japanese officially surrendered in 1945 and WWII was over.
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This was the process of dividing the subcontinent along sectarian lines, which took place in 1947 as Indian gained its independence from the British Raj.
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The first Jewish state in 2000 years was established and Ben Gurion officially pronounced the words: "We hereby proclaim the establishment of the Jewish state in Palestine..."
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Mao Zedong declared the creation of the People's Republic of China, which ended the civil war between CCP and KMT.
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Armed forces from communist North Korea smash into South Korea setting off the Korean War. It was the first "hot" war of the Cold War.
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This bathe was the decisive engagement in the first Indichina War.
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Egypt pressed for evacuation of British troops from the Suez Canal Zone, and in July, President Nasser nationalized the canal.
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Rebels began the process of driving out forces loyal to Cuban dictator Batisita in 1958 and by the New Year they had the nation.
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Leaders of the US and Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff over the installation of nuclear armed Soviet missiles in Cuba.
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It was the third of the Arab-Israeli wars and ended with Israels victory.
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Hoping to win back that land they lost in the 6 Day War, Egyptian and Syrian forces launched a coordinated attack against Israel on Yom Kippur, the holiest day in the Jewish calendar.
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A popular uprising in Iran that resulted in the toppling of the monarchy, and led to the establishment of an Islamic Republic.
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Rumors had spread saying Israelis killed Jews on purpose, and riots bega to break out. The riots continued for many days resulting in many deaths of both Jews and Israelis
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Chinese troops storm through Tiana,en square in the center of Bejing, killing and arresting thousands of pro-democracy protestors. The brutal Chinese government assault on protestors brought denunciations from the US.
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11 Soviet republics met in Kazakh City or Alma-Ata and announced that they would no longer be part of the Soviet Union. They said they would establish a Commonwealth of Independent States.
The first gulf war began with a massive US led air offensive known as Operation Desert Storm. Eventually President George Bush ordered a cease-fire. -
The Genocide began when a plane carrying a Hutu President was shot down. This was a war between the Hutu, Tutsi, and the Twa.
The first all race election happened in April of 1994 and lines for the election stretched for more than a mile in some areas with voters waiting up to 12 hours. -
A terrorist attack by the Al-Qida on American territory. The Twin Towers wee hit wit a plane, and they crashed to the ground; the pentagon was also attacked on this day.
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This was the split between Eastern Orthodoxy and Roamn Catholicism, a rift that still exists today. It is dated for 1054 because that is when Pope Leo IX and Patriarch Micheal I excommunicated each other.
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