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Namibia
c. 25,500 - 25,300 B.C.E. Charcoal on stone -
Lascaux, France
15,000-13,000 B.C.E. Rock painting -
Tequixquiac, Mexico
14,000–7000 B.C.E. Bone -
-
Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria
6000 - 4000 B.C.E. Pigment on rock -
Susa, Iran
4200--3500 B.C.E. Painted terra-cotta -
Arabian Peninsula
4th millennium B.C.E. Sandstone -
Uruk (modern Warka, Iraq) Sumerian
c.3500-3000 B.C.E. Mud brick -
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Liangzhu, China
3300-2200 B.C.E. Carved jade -
Palette of Narmer
Predynastic Egypt
c.3000-2920 B.C.E.
Greywacke -
From the Square Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq)
Sumerian
c.2700 B.C.E.
Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone -
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Wiltshire, UK
c.2500-1600 B.C.E. Sandstone -
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2620-2500 B.C.E.
Painted limestone -
Giza, Egypt
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2550-2490 B.C.E.
Cut limestone -
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2490-2472 B.C.E.
Greywacke -
Modern Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq
Sumerian
c.2600-2400 B.C.E.
Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone -
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Babylon (Modern Iran)
Susian
c.1792-1750 B.C.E.
Basalt -
Wiltshire, UK, Neolithic Europe
c.2500-1600 B.C.E. Sandstone -
New Kingdom, 18th & 19th Dynasties
Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt
Temple: c.1550 B.C.E.
Hall: c.1250 B.C.E.
Cut sandstone and mud brick -
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Enga Province, Papua New Guinea
1500 B.C.E Greywacke -
New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
Near Luxor, Egypt
c.1473-1458 B.C.E.
Sandstone, partially covered into a rock cliff, and red granite -
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New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty
c.1353-1335 B.C.E.
Limestone -
New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
c.1323 B.C.E.
Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones -
New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty
c.1275 B.C.E.
Painted papyrus scroll -
Central Mexico
1200 - 900 B.C.E. Ceramic -
Solomon Islands, Reef Islands
1000 B.C.E. Terra cotta -
900 - 700 B.C.E.
Small scale bronzes
Figures restricted to registers -
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Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq)
Neo-Assyrian c.720-705 B.C.E.
Alabaster -
700-600 B.C.E.
Result of exposure to Egypt and the Near East
Exotic imagery and composite creatures
Figures begin to break out of registers -
Archaic through Hellenistic Greek
600 B.C.E. - 150 C.E.
Plan -
600 - 480 B.C.E.
Sculptures include kouros and kore figures
Characterized by the “Archaic Smile”
Stylized, geometric hair
Rigid, grid format similar to the Egyptian canon of proportions
Pottery includes black and red figured vase painting
Persian Wars 500-480 B.C.E.
Athenians defeat the Persians at Battle of Marathon, 490 B.C.E.
Persian army burns the Acropolis, 480 B.C.E. -
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Archaic Greek
c.530 B.C.E.
Marble, painted details -
Archaic Greek
c.530 B.C.E.
Marble with remnants of paint -
Etruscan. c.520 B.C.E.
Terracotta -
Copied Classical Greek
Subjects: mythology, gods, battles, emperors
Architecture:
Concrete
Engaged columns
Arch
Temples - enter from one side
Sculpture: verism busts, bronze, lost wax casting
Wall Painting - 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th Style
Painted frame on wall
Illusionism
Atmospheric perspective
Representation of the natural world -
Etruscan. c.510-500 B.C.E.
Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock) -
480 - 450 B.C.E.
Bridges change in sculpture from relatively stiff Archaic figure to the more realistically active Classical figure
Large freestanding sculptures with figures shown in movement.
Contrapposto shown for the first time (weight shift) -
Tarquinia, Italy. Etruscan.
c.480-470 B.C.E. Tufa and fresco -
Persepolis, Iran
Persian
c.520-465 B.C.E.
Limestone -
Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the Niobid Painter.
c.460-450 B.C.E.
Clay, red figure technique -
Polykleitos
Original 450-440 B.C.E.
Roman copy (marble) of the Greek original (bronze) -
450 - 400 B.C.E.
The Golden Age of Greece
Socrates, philosopher, 469 - 399 B.C.E.
Administration of Pericles, 461 - 431 B.C.E.
The Peloponnesian War, 431 - 404 B.C.E.
Plato, philosopher, 420 - 347 B.C.E.
Athens falls to Sparta, 404 B.C.E.
“High point” of Greek art and architecture. Figures are idealized, with expressionless faces.
Proportion and symmetry are emphasized -
Iktinos and Kallikrates
c.447-410 B.C.E.
Marble -
Iktinos and Kallikrates
c.447-410 B.C.E.
Marble -
Kallikrates
c.427-424 B.C.E.
Marble -
Temple of Athena Nike (Acropolis)
c.427-424 B.C.E.
Marble -
Attributed to Kallimachos
c.410 B.C.E.
Marble and paint -
Parthenon (Phidias)
5th Century B.C.E.
Marble -
East Pediment Sculpture, Parthenon (Phidias?)
5th Century B.C.E.
Marble -
4th Century (Late Classical)
400 - 320 B.C.E.
Alexander the Great becomes king of Macedonia, 336 B.C.E.
Alexander defeats Persian king Darius III at the Battle of Issus, 333 B.C.E.
Greeks burn Persian capital in revenge for destruction of the Acropolis, 330 B.C.E.
Alexander dies in Babylon, 323 B.C.E.
Sculptors attempt more difficult, unique poses for their figures -
320 - 30 B.C.E.
Macedonia becomes a Roman province, 146 B.C.E.
Ends with the fall of Egypt, last fortification of Hellenistic rule to Romans in 31 - 30 B.C.E.
Period initiated by the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Art of this period encompasses extremes, from works that are naturalistic to other pieces that are overly idealized with an emphasis on drama, violence and emotionalism. -
Madhya Pradesh, India
Buddhist; Maurya, late Sunga Dynasty
c. 300 B.C.E.-100 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone on dome -
Qin Dynasty.
c. 221-209 B.C.E.
Painted terra cotta -
Hellenistic Greek
c.190 B.C.E.
Marble -
Han Dynasty, China
c. 180 B.C.E.
Painted silk -
Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek.
c.175 B.C.E.
Marble -
Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek.
c.175 B.C.E.
Marble -
Hellenistic Greek
C.100 B.C.E.
Bronze -
Republican Roman c.100 B.C.E.
Mosaic -
Pompeii, Italy
Imperial Roman
c. 2nd Century B.C.E.
Cut stone and fresco -
Republican Roman
c.75-50 B.C.E.
Marble -
Same as the Republican Period with some additions
Architecture:
Technologically advanced, designs conservative (Colosseum, triumphal arches, aqueducts)
Combination of Doric, Ionic and Corinthian orders
Rusticated masonry
Basilica plans (aisles, nave, apse) - Pantheon
Clerestory windows
Arch, barrel vault, dome
Architecture that breaks the rules combined with Greek style
Concrete is still extremely important -
Rome, Italy. Imperial Roman.
70-80 C.E.Stone and concrete. -
Imperial Roman
Early 1st Century C.E.
Marble -
Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman
c. 400 B.C.E - 100 C.E.
Cut rock -
Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets.
c.106-112 C.E.
Brick and concrete. -
Completed 113 C.E.
Marble -
Imperial Roman. 118-125 C.E.
Concrete with stone facing. -
Age of confidence is replaced by a time of troubles
Civil unrest
Military defeats
Economy in decline
Pivotal time - pagan ancient world transformed into Christian Middle Ages -
Late Imperial Roman. c.250 C.E.
Marble. -
Bamiyan, Afghanistan
Gandharan
c. 400-800 C.E.
(destroyed in 2001)
Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint -
Three Kingdoms Period
Silla Kingdom, Korea
Fifth to sixth century C.E.
Metalwork -
Luoyang, China. Tang Dynasty.
493-1127 C.E.
Limestone -
Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic. Pre-Islamic monument
Rededicated by Muhammad in 631-632 C.E. Multiple renovations
Granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread -
Lhasa, Tibet. Yarlung Dynasty.
Believed to have been brought to Tibet in 641 C.E.
Gilt metals with semiprecious stones, pearls, and paint; various offerings -
Jerusalem. Islamic. Umayyad.
691-692 C.E., with multiple renovations
Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome. -
Arab, North Africa or Near East
Abbasid. c. eighth to ninth century C.E.
Ink, color, and gold on parchment -
Isfahan, Iran. Islamic, Persian: Seljuk, Il-Khanid, Timurid and Safavid Dynasties
c. 700 C.E.; additions and restorations in the 14th, 18th & 20th centuries C.E.
Stone, brick, wood, plaster, and glazed ceramic tile -
Pohnpei, Micronesia
Saudeleur Dynasty
c. 700-1600 C.E.
Basalt boulders and prismatic columns -
Nara, Japan
743 C.E.; rebuilt c. 1700
Wood with ceramic-tile roofing -
Central Java, Indonesia
Sailendra Dynasty
c. 750-842 C.E.
Volcanic-stone masonry -
Bronze
Located in the Great Buddha Hall (Daibutsuden)
Represent Vairocana Buddha
53 feet tall
Completed in 749 and dedicated in 753 C.E.
Almost bankrupted Nara
Severely damaged & repaired several times -
Córdoba, Spain. Umayyad
c. 785-786 C.E.
Stone masonry -
Angkor Wat
Hindu, Angkor Dynasty
c. 800-1400 C.E.
Sandstone -
Hindu, Angkor Dynasty
c. 800-1400 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone -
Angkor Thom
Hindu, Angkor Dynasty
c. 800-1400 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone -
Khajuraho, India. Hindu, Chandella Dynasty
c. 930-950 C.E. Sandstone -
Umayyad
c. 968 C.E.
Ivory -
Hindu
India (Tamil Nadu) Chola Dynasty
c. 11th century C.E.
Cast bronze -
Southeastern Zimbabwe
Shona peoples
c. 1000-1400 C.E.
Coursed granite blocks -
Fan Kuan (artist)
c. 1000 C.E.
Ink and colors on silk -
Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
c. 1100-1600 C.E.
Volcanic tuff figures on basalt base -
Mali
Founded c. 1200 C.E.; rebuilt 1906-1907
Adobe -
from Todai-ji
Various artists including sculptors Unkei and Keikei, as well as the Kei School
c. 1200 C.E.
Wood -
Kamakura Period, Japan
c. 1250-1300 C.E.
Handscroll (ink and color on paper) -
Muhammad ibn al-Zain
c. 1320-1340 C.E.
Brass inlaid with gold and silver -
Islamic
Persian, Il-Khanid
c. 1330-1340 C.E.
Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper -
Yuan Dynasty, China
1351 C.E.
White porcelain with cobalt-blue underglaze -
Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty
1354-1391 C.E.
Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding -
Beijing, China. Ming Dynasty.
15th century C.E. and later
Stone masonry, marble, brick, wood, and ceramic tile -
Imperial Bureau of Painting
c. 15th century C.E.
Hanging scroll (ink and color on silk) -
Workshop of Robert Campin
1427-1432 C.E. Oil on wood -
Pazzi Chapel
Basilica di Santa Croce
Florence, Italy
Filippo Brunelleschi (architect)
c. 1429-1461 C.E.
Masonry -
Jan van Eyck
c. 1434 C.E.
Oil on wood -
David
Donatello
c. 1440-1460 C.E.
Bronze -
Palazzo Rucellai
Florence, Italy
Leon Battista Alberti (architect)
c. 1450 C.E.
Stone, masonry -
Madonna and Child with Two Angels
Fra Filippo Lippi
c. 1465 C.E.
Tempera on wood -
Kyoto, Japan
Muromachi Period, Japan
c. 1480 C.E.; current design most likely dates to the 18th century
Rock garden -
Birth of Venus
Sandro Botticelli
c. 1484-1486 C.E. Tempera on canvas -
Last Supper
Leonardo da Vinci
c. 1494-1498 C.E. Oil and tempera -
Edo peoples, Benin (Nigeria)
16th century C.E.
Cast brass -
Albrecht Dürer
1504 C.E.
Engraving -
The Flood (The Deluge)
Sistine Chapel Michelangelo
c. 1508-1512 C.E. Fresco -
Sistine Chapel ceiling
Vatican City, Italy
Michelangelo
Ceiling frescoes: c. 1508-1512 C.E.
Altar frescoes: c. 1536-1541 C.E.
Fresco -
The Delphic Sibyl
Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
c. 1508-1512 C.E.
Fresco -
School of Athens
Raphael
c. 1509-1511 C.E. Fresco -
Matthias Grünewald
c. 1512-1516 C.E.
Oil on wood -
Sultan Muhammad
c. 1522-1525 C.E.
Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper -
Entombment of Christ
Jacopo da Pontormo
1525-1528 C.E.
Oil on wood -
Lucas Cranach the Elder
c. 1530 C.E.
Woodcut and letterpress -
The Last Judgment
Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel, 1536-1541 C.E.
Fresco -
Venus of Urbino
Titian
c. 1538 C.E. Oil on canvas -
Maqsud of Kashan
1539-1540 C.E.
Silk and wool -
Frontispiece of the Codex Mendoza
Viceroyalty of New Spain
c. 1541-1542 C.E.
Ink and color on paper -
Hunters in the Snow
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1565 C.E. Oil on wood -
Edirne, Turkey
Sinan (architect)
1568-1575 C.E.
Brick and stone -
Il Gesù, Rome, Italy; Giacomo da Vignola (architect); Giacomo della Porta, facade (architect); Church: 16th Century C.E.; Facade: 1568-1584 C.E.
Brick, marble, stucco -
Calling of Saint Matthew
Caravaggio
c. 1597-1601 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Bichitr (artist)
c. 1620 C.E.
Watercolor, gold, and ink on paper -
Henry IV Receives the Portrait of Marie de’ Medici, from the Marie de’ Medici Cycle
Peter Paul Rubens
1621-1625 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Masons, marble workers, mosaicists, and decorators working under the supervision of Ustad Ahmad Lahori, architect of the emperor. 1632-1653 C.E.
Stone masonry and marble with inlay of precious and semiprecious stones; gardens -
Self-Portrait with Saskia
Rembrandt van Rijn
1636 C.E.
Etching -
San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane
Rome, Italy
Francesco Borromini (architect)
1638-1646 C.E.
Stone and stucco -
Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria
Rome, Italy
c. 1647-1652 C.E.
Stucco -
Ecstasy of Saint Teresa
Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
c. 1647-1652 C.E.
Marble -
Cornaro Chapel
Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
c. 1647-1652 C.E.
Gilt bronze -
Angel with Arquebus, Asiel Timor Dei
Master of Calamarca (La Paz School)
c. 17th Century C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Las Meninas
Diego Velázquez
c. 1656 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Woman Holding a Balance
Johannes Vermeer
c. 1664 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Palace at Versailles
Versailles, France
Louis Le Vau & Jules Hardouin-Mansart (architects)
Begun 1669 C.E.
Masonry, stone, wood, iron, and gold leaf (architecture)
Marble and bronze (sculpture) -
Triumph of the Name of Jesus
Il Gesù
Giovanni Battista Gaulli
Ceiling fresco and stucco figures
c. 1676-1679 C.E.
Fresco and stucco -
Screen with the Siege of Belgrade and hunting scene
Circle of the González Family c. 1697-1701 C.E.
Tempera and resin on wood, shell inlay -
The Virgin of Guadalupe
(Virgen de Guadalupe)
Miguel González
c. 1698 C.E.
Based on original Virgin of Guadalupe Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City
16th Century C.E.
Oil on canvas on wood, inlaid with mother-of-pearl -
Ashanti peoples (south central Ghana)
c. 1700 C.E.
Gold over wood and cast-gold attachments -
Hawaiian
Late 18th century C.E.
Feathers and fiber -
Rarotonga, Cook Islands, central Polynesia
Late 18th to early 19th century C.E.
Wood, tapa, fiber, and feathers -
Nukuoro, Micronesia
c. 18th to 19th century C.E.
Wood -
Ogata Korin (artist). Edo period
c. 1710-1716 C.E.
Ink, watercolor, and gold leaf on paper -
Fruit and Insects
Rachel Ruysch
1711 C.E. Oil on wood -
Spaniard and Indian Produce a Mestizo
Attributed to Juan Rodríguez Juárez c. 1715 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Tête a Tête, from Marriage à la Mode
William Hogarth
c. 1743 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Portrait of Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
Miguel Cabrera
c. 1750 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Kuba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. 1760-1780 C.E.
Wood -
A Philosopher Giving a Lecture on the Orrery
Joseph Wright of Derby
c. 1763-1765 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Swing
Jean-Honoré Fragonard
1767 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Monticello
Virginia, U.S.
Thomas Jefferson (architect), 1768-1809 C.E.
Brick, glass, stone and wood -
The Oath of the Horatii
Jacques-Louis David
1784 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
George Washington
Jean-Antoine Houdon
1788-1792 C.E.
Marble -
Self-Portrait
Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun
1790 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Marshall Islands, Micronesia
19th to early 20th century C.E.
Wood and fiber -
Sande Society, Mende peoples (West African forests of Sierra Leone and Liberia)
19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, cloth, and fiber -
Bamileke (Cameroon, western grassfields region)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, woven raffia, cloth, and beads -
Mid to late 19th Century
Torres Strait (islander People)
Maubiag Island
25 in
Turtle shell, wood, fiber, feathers, and shell -
Female (Pwo) mask
Chokwe peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Late 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, fiber, pigment, and metal -
Kongo peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. late 19th century C.E.
1066 - 1067 CE
Wood and metal -
Fang peoples (southern Cameroon)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood -
Mbudye Society, Luba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, beads, and metal -
Igbo peoples (Nigeria)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood -
La Grande Odalisque
Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres
1814 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Katsushika Hokusai (artist)
1830-1833 C.E.
Polychrome woodblock print; ink and color on paper -
Liberty Leading the People
Eugène Delacroix
1830 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Oxbow
(View from Mount Holyoke, Northampton, Massachusetts, after a Thunderstorm)
Thomas Cole
1836 C.E. Oil on canvas -
Still Life in Studio
Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre
1837 C.E.
Daguerreotype -
Palace of Westminster (House of Parliament)
London, England. Charles Barry and Augustus W.N. Pugin (architects)
1840-1870 C.E.
Limestone masonry and glass -
Slave Ship
(Slavers Throwing Overboard the Dead and Dying, Typhoon Coming On)
Joseph Mallord William Turner
1840 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Stone Breakers
Gustave Courbet
1849 C.E. (destroyed in 1945)
Oil on canvas -
Niue
c. 1850-1900 C.E.
Tapa or bark cloth, freehand painting -
Nadar Raising Photography to the Height of Art
Honoré Daumier
1862 C.E.
Lithograph -
Y no hai remedio (And There’s Nothing to be Done), from Los Desastres de la Guerra (The Disasters of War), plate 15
Francisco de Goya
1810-1823 C.E. (published 1863)
Etching, drypoint, burin, and burnishing -
Olympia
Édouard Manet
1863 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Horse in Motion
Eadweard Muybridge
1878 C.E.
Albumen print -
The Valley of Mexico from the Hillside of Santa Isabel
(El Valle de México desde el Cerro de Santa Isabel)
Jose María Velasco 1882 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
The Burghers of Calais
Auguste Rodin
1884-1895 C.E.
Bronze -
Gottfried Lindauer
Maori (Nga-ti-toa tribe)
Auckland National Art Gallery
1890 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Baule peoples (Côte d’Ivoire)
Early 20th century C.E.
Wood and pigment -
New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea
c. 20th century C.E.
Wood, pigment, fiber, and shell -
The Steerage
Alfred Stieglitz
1907 C.E.
Photogravure -
Olowe of Ise (artist) (Yoruba peoples)
c. 1910-1914 C.E.
Wood and pigment -
Fiji, Polynesia. 1953 C.E.
Multimedia performance (costume; cosmetics, including scent; chant; movement; and pandanus fiber/hibiscus fiber mats), photographic documentation -
Chairman Mao en Route to Anyuan
Artist unknown
Based on an oil painting by Liu Chunhua
c. 1969 C.E.
Color lithograph
