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Sumer is the oldest civilization we currently know of, it existed from 3,300 BCE to 2,200 BCE. Sumer was a collection of 12 city-states that were located close to the Persian Gulf. They developed Cuniform, the earliest form of writing, and were polytheistic, which means they believed in more than one god.
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The Harrapan society are a mysterious civilization that we know very little about. Their cities were built in a grid-like manner with straight lines, sewer systems, irrigation, air conditioning, and indoor plumbing. They were a peaceful society and did not have many weapons or an army. Nobody knows how they came to an end.
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The Pyramids of Giza are what most people think of when they imagine Eygypt, and many believe they are the first pyramids built.They were actually not the first to be built, Djoser was the first. These pyramids were built for Khufu, khafre, and Menkaure.
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The first empire was started by Sargon the Great. It was called Akkad. It united the Akkadian state and the Sumerian state under one ruler.
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Indo-Europeans that hailed formed the Caucus Mountains, they are believed to have been one of the first early civilizations to have light skin. They conquered much of Europe and Asia.
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The Olmec are the earliest American civilizTion that we know of. They are called the "Mother Culture" because many other civilizations borrowed from the Olmec.
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Also known as the Middle Kingdom, this was Eygpt's most prosperous time. They advanced rapidly and created art, amazing architecture, and developed a trading system. Their culture was so rich and advanced that invaders that tried to conquer the Egyptians converted to the "Egyptian Way"!
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The Warring States Period was inbetween the Shang and Zhou dynasties and was a time where all the provinces/states/clans of China were battling for the power to rule China. This lasted for almost 300 years. The Zhou clan eventually won and ushered in a new dynastic period for China.
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While the most iconic and remembered wall was built by Qin Shi Huang, the Great Wall is actually a series of walls built by several generations of rulers. The first walls were built out of packed dirt and mud, while a long while later it was made from the bricks we picture today. The first wall was built in 771 BC.
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The Han dynasty is considered one of the last ancient dynasties, it lasted from 206 BC to 220 AD. During this time China focused on creating a strong and civil government. Porcelain and paper were invented during this time. They also embraced Confucianism, literature, and poetry.
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The Rosetta Stone is an ancient stone tablet found in Egypt with an ancient story written on it in threes different languages. Those languages are Greek, Hieroglyphics, and Demotic. This tablet is largey the reason why we understand Hieroglyphics today.
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Babylon is an iconic ancient empire due to the city's massive walls that surround it. Nebuchadnezzar re-established Babylon in 2,300 BC and built the walls and moat to protect the city.
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