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The first Persian invasion of Greece, during the Persian Wars, began in 492 BC, and ended with the decisive Athenian victory at the Battle of Marathon in 490 BC. The invasion, consisting of two distinct campaigns, was ordered by the Persian king Darius I primarily in order to punish the city-states of Athens and Eretria
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It was fought between the citizens of Athens, aided by Plataea, and a Persian force commanded by Datis and Artaphernes.
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The Battle of Thermopylae was fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece
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important battle during the Persian War, in which the Greek allies defeated the Persian navy.
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Pericles was a prominent and influential Greek statesman, orator and general of Athens during the Golden Age—specifically the time between the Persian and Peloponnesian wars. He was descended, through his mother.
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•People living in Ancient Greece did not think of themselves as "Greek", but as citizens of their city-state. For example, people from Corinth considered themselves Corinthians and people from Sparta considered themselves Spartans.
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The Peloponnesian War was fought between the Greek city-states of Athens and Sparta. Athens ended up losing the war, bringing an end to the golden age of Ancient Greece.
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The Peloponnesian War was an ancient Greek war fought by Athens and its empire against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases.