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Homer, in between the 12th and 8th century, writes the two Greek epics The Iliad and the Odyssey
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Agamemnon was a character in Homer’s The Iliad, and he commanded the Greek army during the Trojan War after Paris of Troy took Helen.
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The first recorded Olympic Games were in 776 BCE, and it was held to honor the god Zeus. These games included foot racing, boxing, wrestling, and chariot racing.
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Draco’s Code of Law was a written law created around the late 7th century BCE to combat the modifications of oral law by Athenian aristocrats.
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Darius I was a Persian king who got in power by overthrowing legitimate leader at the time who he claimed was an imposter. He also attacked Athens for helping in the Ionian Revolt.
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With Oligarchies being a major government system, many in power would attempt to seize absolute control and become tyrants. This eventually lead to the creation of democracies.
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Xerxes was the king of Persia after his father Darius died. Much like his father, he attempted to conquer Greece and failed.
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After the city-states had rebelled against the tyrants that leaded them, these city-states started setting up democracies, with Athens being the first.
A Democracy was a type of government where all citizens who can vote vote on all matters -
Pericles was a super influential statesman in Greece, and was an orator and general for Athens during its golden age.
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Darius attempted to conquer Greece because they helped in the Ionian Revolt, and tried to fight them at Marathon, and lost.
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The first invasion of Persia during the First Persian War under King Darius. It was fought between the Athenians and the Persians, with the Athenians getting help from the Plataeans
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300 Spartan troops lead by King Leónidas met the Persian army at Thermopylae to try and slow down or possibly stop the Persians, even though they were vastly outnumbered by the Persians. The Spartans all died, but slowed down the Persians enough that Athens could prepare for the incoming attack
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The second time the Persians attempted to invade Greece, this time attacking Thrace, Macedon, and Thessaly. They were met by the Spartans under King Leónidas at the Pass of Thermopylae
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Socrates was an Athenian philosopher who came up with the idea of questioning all things philosophical about people themselves and questioning them until they faltered. He was arrested and poisoned for his thoughts and teachings in 399 BCE
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The Parthenon, which was a temple in the center of the Athens acropolis and at the highest point, is completed. It is was a temple dedicated to the goddess Athena.
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The Peloponnesian War was a thirty year war between Athens and Sparta mainly because Sparta was jealous and untrustworthy of Athens as they flourished under Pericles. Sparta won the fight, but was severely weakened after the fact
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The Academy in Athens was started by Plato in 428 BCE in the city of Akademia. It was considered one of the first Universities, and stayed open until 86 BCE when it was destroyed by the Roman general Lucius Cornelius Sulla.
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Plato lived about 80 years, from around 428 BCE- 423 BCE to 348 BCE. He was an Athenian philosopher who created the Academy in Athens and pioneered the western ideas of philosophy.
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The catapults used by the Greeks and Romans was invented in 399 BCE by a Greek task force. It was then used as a siege weapon in Sicily against Carthaginians.
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Aristotle was a Greek philosopher who studied under Plato and founded the Lyceum, which was a philosophy school that taught physics, biology, zoology, metaphysics, logic, ethics, and much more. His philosophy was very similar to that of Socrates.
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Philip II was from Macedon and lived from 382-336 BCE, and was king of Macedon from 359 BCE to his assassination in 336 BCE. He helped Macedon really rise to power for his son Alexander the Great.
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Alexander the Great was a Macedonian King who followed his father Philip II, and went on a huge military campaign conquering Western Asia and northeast Africa. He was tutored by Aristotle until he was 16, and became king after his father was assassinated at 20.
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Philip II led the forces of Macedonia against Athens and Thebes to try and bring peace to Greece. Philip and the Macedonians defeated the Athenians and Thebes and left them unable to retaliate or rebel.
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The League of Corinth was created by Philip II during the winter of 337 BCE, and was used in 336 BCE after the Battle of Chaeronea to fight the Persians
