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Was on an island called Crete which was southeast of the Greek mainland. had some advanced technology and was no evidence of the civilization being warlike. had made wealth through trade and their ships controlled the seas and prevented pirates.
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they carried goods to foreign ports and kept the sea free of pirates -
Mycenaean's were originally from central Asia but invaded Greek mainland -
had stole Minoan culture and worshipped the same gods. the Myceneans were proud of their accomplish in battle and war but were also good traders
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the Minoan civilization had collapsed and they're two main theories on why this had happened -
Mycenaeans replaced the Minoans as the major power on the Mediterranean. -
No evidence of writing, the Mycenean civilization collapsed Earthquakes and fighting among the kingdoms
Overseas trade slowed leading to poverty (farmers subsistence farming) -
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the population began to increase and people were sent out to start colonies, they began to trade and because of the growth of trade it led to job specialization
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small farmers began to demand changes to the power structure. However, because they did not own land, they were not considered citizens and, therefore, had no say in ruling the polis.
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During the 600s B.C., tyrants managed to overthrow the nobles (backing of the common people)
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a noble called solon canceled all farmers debts and freed the ones who were enslaved -
Won the support of the poor by: dividing large estates among the landless farmers, loaned money to poor people, gave them jobs, building temples and other public works -
Cyrus the Greats armies took over Mesopotamia and several other places -
divided the Persian empire into 20 provinces and made satraps to rule each province -
Organized the assembly to play the central role in governing. All the male citizens could be in the assembly and vote. New powers-could debate matters openly, hear court cases, and appoint army generals
Created a new council of 500 citizens to help the assembly carry out daily business. Proposed laws, dealt with foreign countries, and oversaw the treasury, unfortunely those who were not citizens were unable to vote -
the Greeks had began to form oligarchies and democracies and didn't want to be ruled by a single person anymore -
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King Darius sends 20,000 soldiers to attack and conquer athens -
Evans discovered archaelogical evidence of the Minoan society