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Legendary first king of Egypt, who, according to tradition, joined Upper and Lower Egypt in a single centralized monarchy. Called him Menes, the 5th-century-bce Greek historian Herodotus referred to him as Min, and two native-king lists of the 19th dynasty call him Meni. Modern scholars have inconclusively identified the legendary Menes with one or more of the archaic Egyptian kings bearing the names Scorpion, Narmer, and Aha.
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The Old Kingdom of Egypt is also known as the 'Age of the Pyramids' or 'Age of the Pyramid Builders' as it includes the great 4th Dynasty when King Sneferu perfected the art of pyramid building and the pyramids of Giza were constructed under the kings Khufu, Khafre, and Menkaure.
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The Middle Kingdom is considered ancient Egypt's Classical Age during which the culture produced some of its greatest works of art and literature. Scholars remain divided on which dynasties constitute the Middle Kingdom of Egypt with some arguing for the later half of the 11th through the 12th, some the 12th to 14th, and some the 12th and 13th.
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Dynasty of Palestinian origin that ruled northern Egypt at the 15th dynasty. The name Hyksos was used by the Egyptian historian Manetho who, according to the Jewish historian Flavius Josephus translated the word as king shepherds or captive shepherds.
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The New Kingdom is the era in Egyptian history following the disunity of the Second Intermediate Period and preceding the dissolution of the central government at the start of the Third Intermediate Period.
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The pharaoh Thutmose III was the warrior king of Egypt’s 18th and largest dynasty. During his reign, he reestablished Egyptian rule of Syria and Palestine.
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Female king of Egypt who attained power for a woman, adopting the full titles and regalia of a pharaoh.
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Third king of the 19th dynasty of ancient Egypt, whose reign was the second longest in Egyptian history. In addition to his wars with the Hittites and Libyans, he is known for his extensive building programs and for the many colossal statues of him found all over Egypt.
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The Persian Conquest of Egypt saw Cambyses II of Persia conquer the fourth major power of the ancient near east, completing the series of conquests begun by his father Cyrus II the Great.
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When Alexander the Great seized Egypt on his mission to conquer the Persian Empire, he was one in a long line of Greeks who were dazzled by Egypt and its ancient culture. The legendary Greek historian Herodotus had remarked in the fifth century B.C.
