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-United Upper and Lower Egypt
-consolidated power
-founded Memphis Key People -
The predynastic period represents the period between the Neolithic and the beginning of the Pharaonic monarchy starting with King Narmer.
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The early dynastic period involves the first and second dynasties and follows the unification of upper and lower Egypt. In this period, the capital moved to Memphis and the king became known as a god.
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The Old Kingdom spanned from the third to sixth dynasties. The Old Kingdom is characterized by a strong central government and the building of the pyramids- the Pyramid of Djoser and the Pyramids of Giza. Art also flourished during this period. Trade became far more common in this period with European civilizations and shipbuilding was developed.
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-built the Great Pyramids of Giza
-time of reign disputed
-little information available
-written about negatively Key people -
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During the Middle Kingdom, Egypt's economic and political boundaries were expanded. This time period included the eleventh to thirteenth dynasties. The capital was also moved from Memphis to Thebes. The middle kingdom was a period of peace until the invasion of the Hyskos. The Egyptians were conquered in large part due to the fact that they had inferior technology to the Hyskos. After about 150 years, the Egyptians drove the Hyskos out of Egypt.
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Art/architecture *Date is an approximation.
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Likely destroyed by a large earthquake or foreign invaders. Art/architecture *Date is an approximation.
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The New Kingdom was the golden age of Egypt, building upon Egypt's existing empire and producing art. This is the era in which Egypt became an empire and which included many of Egypt's greatest pharoahs. This is also the time period in which the priests of Amun began to gain more power.
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*Date is an approximation Art/architecture
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-one of the first powerful female leaders
-only queen to have ruled in Egypt in her own right for a significant period of time
-her reign was a period of peace, stability, and prosperity
-expanded trade
-embarked on ambitious building program -> Obelisks at Greak Temple of Karnak
-step-son (successor) destroyed images that depicted her as a king but left those of her as queen Key people -
-"Napoleon of Egypt" due to many military campaigns
-generated tremendous wealth through conquests
-burst of building activity due to prosperity during his reign Key people -
Restored fresco found in the palace of Knossos
Art/architecture
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From the late Helladic period, Mycenaean Art/architecture *Date is an approximation.
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-attempted to reform Egyptian religion
-opposed worship of Amon-Re, worshipped Aton
-built new capital city (Akhetaton) for new god
-closed temples of other gods and posessions confiscated
-sometimes called the first monotheist
-poorly governed due to preoccupation with reforming religion -> began Egypt's decline Key people -
-reversed Akhenaton's religious reforms -> restored Egypt to its traditional religion
-moved capital city back to Thebes
-died unexpectedly at 18, had to be buried in a tomb meant for a member of the nobility -> allowed tomb to lay undisturbed until 1922 Key people -
-ruled during Egypt's twilight years
-constructed more buildings and colossal statues than any other Egyptian king
-temples at Abu Simbel
-skilled military leader -> expanded Egyptian empire
-rule represented a period of prosperity Key people -
Late Helladic period, depicts a group of warriors armed with boar tusk helmets, shields and spears. Art/architecture, politics/military *Date is an approximation.
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The Iliad contains many important Greek myths, including that of Icarus and Dedalos escaping from the Palace of Knossos and the story of the minotaur. Key people, religion *Date is an approximation
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The Late Dynastic period was the last era in which Egyptian culture was largely unbroken. Though Egyptian culture was still prevalent, Egypt had passed its golden age and the culture was a shadow of what it had once been. This period can also be marked by two Persian conquests, between which there was a brief revival of Egyptian culture.
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This period began with a follower of Alexander the Great and ended with Queen Cleopatra. The follower of Alexander was named Ptolemy 1 Soter (the man the period is named for), who declared himself pharaoh of Egypt in 305 BC. The Ptolemies established power in Egypt by referring to themselves as the previous pharaohs' successors and taking on Egyptian traditions. Eventually this dynasty was weakened by civil wars and rebellions before Egypt's annexation by Rome.
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Art/architecture
*Date is an approximation.
