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The colonial era
Push factors: European settlers came to the Americas to escape religious persecution, war, and economic hardship. Pull factors: The New World offered opportunities for land ownership, religious freedom, and economic prosperity. -
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German immigration wave
Push factors: Political and economic instability in Germany, as well as crop failures and famine. Pull factors: The United States offered job opportunities and a chance to start a new life. -
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Irish immigration wave
Push factors: The Great Famine in Ireland led to widespread poverty and starvation. Pull factors: The United States offered job opportunities, especially in the construction of the transcontinental railroad. -
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Asian immigration wave
Push factors: Political and economic instability in Asian countries, as well as wars and natural disasters. Pull factors: The United States offered job opportunities, especially in agriculture and the building of the transcontinental railroad. -
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Italian immigration wave
Push factors: Economic hardship and overpopulation in Italy. Pull factors: The United States offered job opportunities, especially in industries like mining and construction. -
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Mexican immigration wave
Push factors: Economic hardship and political instability in Mexico. Pull factors: The United States offered job opportunities, especially in agriculture and other manual labor industries.