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“Mesopotamia” is a Greek word meaning, “Land between the Rivers”. The region is a vast, dry plain through which two great rivers, the Euphrates and Tigris, flow. These rivers rise in mountain ranges to the north before flowing through Mesopotamia.(https://www.timemaps.com/civilizations/ancient-mesopotamia/)
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Ancient Egypt was a civilization of ancient Northeastern Africa, concentrated along the lower reaches of the Nile River in the place which is now the country Egypt.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancient_Egypt)
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The Great Pyramid of Giza is the oldest and largest of the three pyramids in the Giza pyramid complex bordering what is now El Giza, Egypt. It is the oldest of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one to remain largely intact.
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The Indus Valley Civilization was an ancient civilization located in what is Pakistan and northwest India today, on the fertile flood plain of the Indus River and its vicinity.(www.ancient.eu/Indus_Valley_Civilization/)
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The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code of ancient Mesopotamia.. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world.
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Phoenicia was an ancient civilization in Canaan which covered most of the western, coastal part of the fertile Crescent. Several major Phoenician cities were built on the coastline of the Mediterranean.(https://www.timemaps.com/civilizations/phoenicians/)
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Hebrews were nomadic people. They lived in the ancient Middle East. Around 1400 BC they settled in Canaan, the country on the eastern coast of Mediterranean sea, the territory of modern Israel, Jordan, Lebanon and Syria.(https://en.wikibooks.org/wiki/Wikijunior:Ancient_Civilizations/Hebrews)
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Situated within the wider region known as Middle America, Mesoamerica extends from south-central Mexico southeastward to include the Isthmus of Tehuantepec, the Yucatán Peninsula, Guatemala, Belize, El Salvador, and the Pacific coast of Honduras, Nicaragua, and Costa Rica down to the Gulf of Nicoya.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geography_of_Mesoamerica)
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The Chinese have built a civilization that has lasted longer than any other in the world. In 5000 B.C., Chinese lived in the fertile Huang He river valley.(https://www.eduplace.com/ss/socsci/books/content/ilessons/6/ils_gr6_c23_l2.pdf)
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Hellenistic civilization. The conquests of Alexander the Great spread Hellenism immediately over the Middle East and far into Asia. After his death in 323 BC, the influence of Greek civilization continued to expand over the Mediterranean world and W Asia.
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Persian Empire is any of a series of imperial dynasties centered in Persia. The first of these was the Achaemenid Empire established by Cyrus the Great in 550 BC with the conquest of Median, Lydian and Babylonian empires.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persian_Empire)
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With the Persian Empire now effectively under Alexander's control, Alexander then decided to pursue Darius. Before Alexander reached him, however, Darius was killed by the satrap Bessus, who was also his cousin.
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The conquests of Alexander the Great spread Hellenism immediately over the Middle East and far into Asia. After his death in 323 BC, the influence of Greek civilization continued to expand over the Mediterranean world and W Asia.(https://www.infoplease.com/encyclopedia/entertainment/hellenistic-civilization.html)
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Emperor Qin Shi Huang, the first emperor in the Chinese history, and his son Hu Hai ever ruled the state, which was finally overthrown by the people's uprising.
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The Roman Empire was the post-Roman Republic period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterized by government headed by emperors and large territorial holdings around the Mediterranean Sea in Europe, Africa and Asia.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_Empire)
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Ancient India is often called the Harappan Civilization because one of the ancient cities was called Harappa. Harappa was just one of 1500 cities in the Indus River Valley. Another well-known city is called Mohenjo-Daro.(https://sites.google.com/site/1ancientcivilizationsforkids/ancient-india)
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Was issued Napoleon I of France to enforce the Berlin Decree of 1806 which had initiated the Continental System. This system was the basis for his plan to defeat the British by waging economic warfare.
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Because it lay on the European side of the Strait of Bosporus, the Emperor Constantine understood its strategic importance and upon reuniting the empire he built his new capital there.
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The Byzantine Empire, also referred to as the Eastern Roman Empire, was the continuation of the Roman Empire in the East during Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, when its capital city was Constantinople. (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Byzantine_Empire)
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Fought between an alliance of Greek city-states, led by King Leonidas of Sparta, and the Persian Empire of Xerxes I over the course of three days, during the second Persian invasion of Greece.
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Buddha died of old age, when he was eighty years old. The death was triggered by his body reaction to a dish of wild mushroom. He died peacefully and mindfully.
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The beginning of the Middle Ages is called the Dark Ages because the great civilizations of Rome and Greece had been conquered.(westernreservepublicmedia.org/middleages/feud_feudalw.htm)
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Athenian democracy developed around the fifth century BC in the Greek city-state (known as a polis) of Athens, comprising the city of Athens and the surrounding territory of Attica, and is the first known democracy in the world.
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The Fall of the Western Roman Empire was the process of decline in the Western Roman Empire in which it failed to enforce its rule, and its vast territory was divided into several successor polities.
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Built at Constantinople (now Istanbul, Turkey) under the direction of the Byzantine emperor Justinian I.
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The migration or journey of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Yathrib, later renamed by him to Medina.
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The first city belonging to the Islamic civilization was Medina, where the prophet Mohammed moved to in 622 AD, known as Year One in the Islamic calendar (Anno Hegira). But the settlements associated with the Islamic empire range from trade centers to desert castles to fortified cities. https://www.thoughtco.com/ancient-islamic-cities-171371
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The original split between Sunnis and Shiites occurred soon after the death of the Prophet Muhammad.
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was fought between Frankish and Burgundian forces under Charles Martel against an army of the Umayyad Caliphate. It was fought in an area between the cities of Poitiers and Tours.
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The Norman conquest of England in 1066 is commonly known as the Viking Age of Scandinavian history. Vikings used the Norwegian Sea and Baltic Sea for sea routes to the south.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vikings)
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The break of communion between what are now the Eastern Orthodox and Roman Catholic churches, which has lasted since the 11th century.
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he modern Mongols, who are an Inner Asian rather than a Siberian people, are the descendants of the famed Empire Builder Chingiz (Genghis) Khan.(pandora.cii.wwu.edu/vajda/ea210/mongol.htm)
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A charter agreed to by King John of England at Runnymede, near Windsor, on 15 June 1215.
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Emperor of the wealthy West African Mali Empire.
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Tenochtitlán was an Aztec city that flourished.Built on an island on Lake Texcoco, it had a system of canals and causeways that supplied the hundreds of thousands of people who lived there.
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The Hundred Years' War was a series of conflicts by the House of Plantagenet, rulers of the Kingdom of England, against the House of Valois, rulers of the Kingdom of France, over the succession of the French throne.
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The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital of the Byzantine Empire by an invading army of the Ottoman Empire
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However, the Egyptians weren't the only civilization to develop in Ancient Africa. Important civilizations developed throughout the continent such as Carthage, the Mali Empire, and the Kingdom of Ghana.(www.ducksters.com/history/africa/)
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After the 13th century, Moscow became a cultural center. By the 18th century, the Tsardom of Russia had become the huge Russian Empire, stretching from the Polish border eastward to the Pacific Ocean. Expansion in the western direction sharpened Russia's awareness of its separation from much of the rest of Europe and shattered the isolation in which the initial stages of expansion had occurred.(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Russia#Prehistory)
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Japanese culture and civilization had reached a new height. Their beautiful capital city of Nara rivaled that of China’s capital city. The people of Japan enjoyed one of the highest standards of living anywhere in the world.(http://www.kidspast.com/world-history/0256-japanese-civilization.php)