-
Period: 10,000 BCE to 500 BCE
Ch. 3 - Early Fertile Crescent People
The various groups of people from the Fertile Crescent include the Sumerians, Akkadians, Babylonians, Hittites, Assyrians, Chaldeans, and the Phinecians. -
7000 BCE
(3.1) - Mesopotamia - Agriculture Developed
Agriculture initially developed in Mesopotamia. It has been enhancing during those circumstances as a result of irrigation, the manufactured conduits, and the food surpluses. They have been advantageous for the people and for the human advancement. -
Period: 4500 BCE to 400
Ch. 4 - Ancient Egypt and Kush
Egypt is located northwest of Africa. Kush is a nation located below Egypt. The rich history of these two nations have impacted their society today in various ways. The pharaohs, architecture, wars, and their art is all what makes their nation unique from other nations. -
3500 BCE
(3.3) - Mesopotamia - The World's First Writing System Was Created
The world's first writing system was made by the Sumerians. This writing system was called Cuneiform. -
3200 BCE
(4.1) - Egypt - Rise of the Two New Kingdoms
Egyptians villages were protected, crucial, and brimming with significant resources. Farmers worked hard and became wealthy. Strong leaders took over small regions of the villages. Exceptional individuals claimed some property. Afterward, the villages chose to make two Kingdoms; Lower and Upper Egypt. -
3100 BCE
(4.1) - Egypt - Unification of Lower and Upper Egypt
Memes, the first Pharaoh of Egypt, gained a lot of power during this ruling time. Because of this will of energy, he chose to bring Upper Egypt and Lower Egypt together. This event started the First Dynasty. -
3000 BCE
(4.4) - Egypt - The Establishment of a Writing System
Hierchyglycis, ancient egyptian writing system, was first presented around the 3000 BC. These writing were carved on hard material like stone. Afterwards, the Egyptians found how to make a durable material which was like paper. It was called papyrus. -
2700 BCE
(4.2) - Egypt - Introduction of the Old Kingdom
Four centuries were led by the First and Second Dynasties. After, the Old Kingdom had risen. The time range for the Old Kingdom was from 2700 BC to 2200 BC. The political system had been created and the Egyptians believed their pharaoh, or ruler, was the descendant of the Sun God, Ra. -
2400 BCE
(3.1) - Mesopotamia - Essential Irrigation and Canals Helped the People of Mesopotamia
The very first people and settlers of Mesopotamia, a region between the Tigris and the Euphrates River, had not as much issues when they constructed waterways to control the stream of where the water went or, when they used irrigation to create a food surplus. This prompt division of work was a system in which individuals had a wide range of occupations other than cultivating. -
2300 BCE
(3.2) - Southern Mesopotamia - Sargon Extends His Territory
Sargon, the leader of the Akkadian domain, broadened the Akkadian Empire. Another capital, Akkad, was made near the Euphrates River. It is currently referred to today as Baghdad. However, his domain died when he passed on. -
2300 BCE
(5.1) - India - Developmentation of the Harappan Civilization
The civilization near the Indus River Valley is called the Harappan Civilization, according to historians. There was a lot of irrigation procedures, food surpluses, and crucial agriculture. The Harappan Civilization is known now as the modern day country of Pakistan. The two largest Harappan cities were Harappa and Mohenjo Dero. Regardless of the far separation, the two urban areas were fundamentally similar. -
Period: 2300 BCE to 500
Ch. 5 - Ancient India
The subcontinent shaped like a crooked triangle located in South Asia is the country of India. India is most likely known for the close location to the Himalayas, the religion, food, and different culture. The rich history has exposed us to many different events of ancient India. -
2200 BCE
(4.2) - Egypt - The Creation of a Social Hierarchy
The division of people with regards to class had been created during the Old Kingdom. The highest of the hierarchy system was the pharaoh, while the lowest were the farmers, servants, and peasants. Nobles were the second highest, with the scribes and craftspeople the second lowest of the ranking chart. -
2050 BCE
(4.3) - Egypt - Egypt Was Divided but Was Brought Together Again
After the fall of the Old Kingdom, another Kingdom called the Middle Kingdom occurred because of all the tumult. The pharaoh of the Middle Kingdom was Mentuhotep II. He battled and ceased the bedlam, at that point later united Egypt once more. -
2000 BCE
(5.1) - Northern India - Arrival of the Aryans
The Aryans, a gathering of people from the northwest of Asia, arrived in India during 2000 BC. Contrasted with the Harappans, the Aryans were the largest gathering in India. Data about the Aryan culture was only discovered through religious texts called the Vedas. -
2000 BCE
(8.1) - Greece - The Developmentation of a New Society
The early cultures of Greece were developed by the Minoans and Mycenaeans. The Mycenaeans were Greek and lived on the mainland of Greece. The Minoans weren't Greek, however they lived on the island of Crete, which had advanced by the 2000 BC. The improvement of the new Minoan culture had impacted the Aegean district of Greece (The Mycenaeans partook in this as well.) -
Period: 2000 BCE to 500 BCE
Ch. 8 - Ancient Greece
Greece is the country situated in the southeast of Europe, as well as being encompassed by the Ionian and Aegean Seas. Greece has a significant history, which had influenced the society it is today. Greek myths, gods, architecture, and nourishment are a crucial impact today. -
1792 BCE
(3.4) - Babylon - A New Heir in Line
Hammurabi was crowned King of Babylon. It was believed that he was going to become a fascinating and powerful leader (monarch). He is famously known for his code of laws called the Hammurabi's Code. -
1700 BCE
(4.3) - Egypt - The Hyksos Invasion
The Hyksos, a gathering from Southwest Asia, attacked Egypt. They administered Egypt for more than 200 years. The Egyptians despised being ruled over by the foreign gathering and needed their authorization over Egypt to be taken away. That desire worked out as expected when a man named Ahmose brings Egypt up. -
Period: 1600 BCE to 1 CE
Ch. 6 - Ancient China
The country located in east Asia and the one which covers 4 million square miles is China. Today, the country is known to be populous because of the population of over 1 billion people. The history of China has impacted the society it is today. -
1500 BCE
(4.5) - Kush - The Egyptian Invasion
Egyptians expected that the enterprises of Kush would outpower them, particularly Kush's military power. To demolish this thought, Pharaoh Thutmose I chose to fight with Kush. After decimating the Kushite capital of Kerma, the Egyptians won the battle. Pharaohs of the years after like Ramses the Great manufactured wonderful structures and sanctuaries where the Kushite regions had been. -
1500 BCE
(6.1) - China - The Establishment of the first Chinese dynasty
The first dynasty of China is the Shang dynasty, which began during the 1500 BC and ended around the 1050 BC. It was considered the strongest dynasty in the Huang He Valley for the authorities of the dynasty ruled crucial parts of northern China. -
1500 BCE
(4.3) - Egypt - Egypt is Saved by Ahmose
The Hyksos were driven out of Egypt by Ahmose of Thebes. He proclaimed himself as pharaoh of Egypt once all approval was left in his grasp. This unimaginable right of power showed the indication of a new Kingdom; the New Kingdom. The New Kingdom was the most successful period of Egypt. -
1250 BCE
(5.2) - India - Hinduism Begins in India
Hinduism develops in India by the Aryans. The religious practices and priests worships influenced more Aryans to practice the same belief. The Hinduism religion created a social hierarchy called the caste system. Brahmins (priests) were the highest while the Sudras (workers and servants) were the lowest. Dalits (untouchables) were casted aside. -
1050 BCE
(6.2) - China - Beginning of the Zhou Dynasty
The longest dynasty in China which withdrew the Shang dynasty was the Zhou dynasty. It started during the 1050 BC and ended around 400 BC. The dynasty was famoulsy known for their harsh period of time called the Warring States period, which was a time when people fought for the Mandate of Heaven. -
1000 BCE
(4.5) - Kush - Freedom from Egypt
Kush gained their Independence from Egypt during the mid-1000s BC due to Egypt's loss of power. The Kushites regained their strength over the years, but historical records didn't specify anything afterwards. -
900 BCE
(3.4) - Fertile Crescent - Assyrian Invasion
The Fertile Crescent was vanquished by the Assyrians. The Assyrians even figured out how to take control of Egypt and a few parts of the Asia Minor. -
900 BCE
(9.2) - Greece - Sparta's Military Society
The creation of the military society for Sparta was made by a man named Lycurgus. Due to this, the people of Sparta believed a strong military society was very imperative. Even young boys were trained to become soldiers. -
753 BCE
(10.1) - Rome - The First King
Romulus delegated himself the first king of Rome after he killed his brother, Remus. Apparently, the brothers were having a contention regarding what to name Rome when they had founded it. Because of frustration, Romulus killed Remus and named the region Rome. -
Period: 753 BCE to 78 BCE
Ch. 10 - Ancient Rome
The city of Rome is located in the country of Italy, in the continent of Europe. Rome is known for the Roman Empire, Caesar Augustus, and Julius Caesar. The history behind this impressive country has shaped its society today. -
680 BCE
(8.3) - Greece - Beginning of the Olympics
It was the beginning of the Olympics. The Olympics were sport contests that incorporated a wide range of games. The Olympics were held because it was intended to honor the gods. Activities include wrestling, foot races, chariot races, boxing, and other events. -
600 BCE
(8.3) - Greece - Aristocrats are Attacked
The aristocrats of the oligarchy were attacked by a rebellion of lawbreakers due to the limited power of government the common people had. However, their attack failed. Since this action had taken place, a man named Draco had chosen to make unforgiving laws for the general population. -
599 BCE
(5.2) - India - Developmentation of Jainism
A man named Mahavira believed Hinduism was a complicated region, especially with the rituals. That was when he decided to create his own principles; harm no life, tell no lie, stealing is wrong, and claim no property. His lessons made the religion, Jainism, which was a reaction to Hinduism. -
590 BCE
(8.2) - Greece - A New Ruler
After Draco had passed on, a man named Solon took over. He created fewer harsh laws, enabled common people to participate in the government matters, and had given rights to the common people. In the aftereffect of this, the people became citizens. -
585 BCE
(9.1) - Persia - Birth of Cyrus the Great
The birth of the Persian King, Cyrus the Great. As per records, it has been stated that though he had conquered many nations, he allowed the natives to keep their customs and traditions. He had a son named Cambyses. Cyrus the Great died sometime during the 529 BC. -
563 BCE
(5.3) - Northern India - Birth of Siddhartha Gautama
A prince, Siddhartha Gautama, was conceived. He grew up to be an eager, youthful ruler who was continually looking for answers to his inquiries about life. -
Period: 550 BCE to 30 BCE
Ch. 9 - The Greek World
Greek society was introduced to a time of invasion, wars, and many different achievements. Most of the Greek kings have affected the Greek history today. -
Period: 550 BCE to
Ch. 12 - The Islamic World
The spread of Islam has effected many parts of the world today. It is now the second largest religion in the world, sought after by Christianity. This religion began in Mecca, the place where the Muslim prophet, Mohammed, was conceived. -
533 BCE
(5.3) - Northern India - A Journey to Find the Answers
Siddhartha left his palace to search for where human suffering came from. He pondered and fasted for a long time for he was anxious to know the appropriate responses. After long meditation, he found the answers. He found what causes human suffering and thus, he created the four noble truths. Followed after, he created the eightfold path. -
500 BCE
(6.2) - China - The Birth of Laozi
During the Zhou period, a man named Loazi was born. He grew up to be a Doaist teacher and created many stories of his teachings. One of his most famous teachings was to not seek power or try to gain wealth. He died during the 400 BC. -
Period: 500 BCE to
Ch.13 - Africa
Africa is a continent situated below the continent of Euler, and is west to the continent of Asia. It is connected to the country of Saudi Arabia. Africa has been influenced by its rulers, trading, geography, and many of its cultural/religious history. -
Period: 500 BCE to 1537
Ch. 16 - The Early Americas
The narrow mass of land which connects North America and South America is where the civilization of the Mayans, Incas, and Aztecs had begun. The modern day countries of that mass of land include Mexico, Peru, Guatemala, Panama, and more countries. -
450 BCE
(10.2) - Rome - Creation of the Law of the Twelve Tables
The Law of the Twelve Tables was Rome’s first written code of laws. It was written on 12 different stone tablets. They were accessible for the public at Rome’s meeting place, the Forum. More laws were added as the generations passed down, but the Romans never underestimated them. -
400 BCE
17.1 - Europe - Climate
The condition of Europe contrasts depending on the region. For a case, the northern regions of Europe have a cooler climate, while the southern regions of Europe have a sunny climate. Due to the sunny climate of the southern regions of Europe, the plants that don't need much water are able to adapt to the environment easily. Due to the cool, cold climate of the northern regions, not many plants can survive in the harsh condition. -
387 BCE
(10.3) - Rome - The Gaul Invasion
A gathering of individuals called the Gauls attacked Rome. The Romans gave them a lot of gold, telling them to leave the city. The Gauls did, however this occurrence had caused many other nations in Europe to attack Rome for gold. Rome fought back and then had taken over the nations of their attackers. -
359 BCE
(9.3) - Macedonia - A New King
Philip II was crowned the king of Macedonia during the 359 BC. He invaded many nations. His major objective was to take over Greece. He just did that and was soon titled the leader of Greece. -
320 BCE
(5.4) - Northern India - Rise of the Mauryan Empire
Candragupta Maurya, a military leader, gained control of the entire northern India. His rule began the Mauryan Empire which lasted for many years. He had thousands of gatherings of elephants, chariots, and many spies. He was fortunate to additionally have 600,000 soldiers. -
320 BCE
(5.5) - India - Developmentation of Mathematics, Science, Medicine, and More
The ancient Indians created the Arabic-Indian numerals we use today and have created inoculation, which is an injection used to build a insurance obstruction against a disease or illness. Indians mastered metalloy, created alloys, and have studied astrology. Indian Astrologers knew the seven planets, the stars, the rotation of the earth, and could even predict the following solar eclipse. -
300 BCE
(9.4) - Greece - Euclid's Birth
The birthdate of one of the most gifted mathematicians in Greek history, Euclid. He studied geometry. We utilize and learn his concepts today in the Euclidean geometry. Additionally, he studied music and astronomy. -
270 BCE
(5.4) - India - A New King of Northern India
Asoka, grandson of Candragupta, took the throne years later. He was a strong leader and conquered many parts of India. His empire was rich, strong, and very big. He converted to Buddhism later because he didn't want to provoke wars any more wars. instead, he dug up wells, build roads, and made a better environment for his people. -
221 BCE
(6.3) - Qin Dynasty's Beginning
Due to the Warring States period, the Qin government decided to kill those who opposed them and fortunately for the Qin government, won the furious battle. The were later entitled to be the new dynasty of China, the Qin dynasty. The dynasty began around 221 BC and ended around the 206 BC. -
221 BCE
(6.3) - China - Unification of China
Ying Zheng, otherwise known as the Shi Huangdi, unified China successfully. Though it looked like he may have done a good thing, he is actually cruel and remorseless. He took his throne as a legalistic believer and created strict laws and punishments. -
140 BCE
(6.4) - China - The New Emperor of the Han Dynasty
After the fall of the Qin dynasty in 207 BC, the Han dynasty took over in 206 BC. The dynasty stood for around 400 years until its fall around the 220 BC. The emperor, Wudi, started his ruling after the first peasant emperor of the Han dynasty, Liu Bang. -
Period: 50 BCE to 1453
Ch. 11 - Rome and Christianity
During ancient times of Rome, there was a lot of opposition against the Christian and Judaism religions. But, this changed when Constantine decided to change everyone's state of mind and made Christianity the official religion. Despite that, there were still some issues. -
44 BCE
(11.1) - Rome - Assassination of Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar rose to power as a dictator of Rome, who conquered many nations and almost the whole Gaul, which is now known as the country of France. The Senates were concerned about his massive power, so they stabbed him until he died. -
1 CE
(6.5) - China - The Beginning of Buddhism
Around the first century AD, Buddhism was brought to China with the help of Buddhist missionaries through the trail of the Silk Road. The silk road allowed China's silk to enter different nations and countries. -
3
(11.2) - Bethlehem - The Birth of Jesus
Jesus was conceived as the Son of God, and the child to Mary and Joseph. He grew up to be a man of miracles with twelve disciples with him. However, the authorities despised him. Later, he was crucified and died a tormenting death on the cross. According to Bible scriptures, he died on the cross for our sins. -
200
13.1 - West Africa - Gold and Salt
Gold and salt were valuable trading sources to the west Africans. Salt was used used as a preservative to keep food fresh. Gold was incredibly valuable and a tool for trading. -
250
16.1 - Central America - The Classic Age
The Classic Age occurred once the Mayans were successful. The Mayan Empire was able to grow into 40 major regions and each region had its own government. No one united the separated areas, but trade was active between all of them. During the years, a king from Palanque named Pacal constructed a building to mark and point all of his fulfilled objectives. The Classic Age ended sometime during 900 AD. -
300
13.4 - West Africa- Griots
Griots were storytellers that preserved the history of west Africa. They did this by sharing stories to other griots and this is called, oral history. They also shared proverbs and wise sayings. They shared oral history because they didn’t have a written language. -
Period: 400 to 1200
Ch. 17 - The Early Middle Ages
The time of the Middle Ages, a time period in between ancient and modern times, occurred in Europe, a continent located northwest of the Asian continent. It is divided from Russia by the Ural Mountains, a chain of mountains. Europe is quite small in size, however the history was major, and affected many countries in it. -
500
13.2 - Ghana - Silent bartering
Silent bartering is a procedure in which people trade without meeting face to face. This was crucial because it prevented from people from stealing gold and salt, and it conducted trading peacefully. -
Period: 500 to
Ch. 14 - China and Mongolia
After the period of disunion, new empires started to rise up in the country of China. The new dynasties after the Han have affected China today and have made a big, significant modification to the system China was used to. Famous people from the country of Mongolia have also affected China today. -
532
(11.3) - Rome - Justinian’s Power Over Rome
Justinian did many things for the Rome during his ruling years. He tried to bring the Roman Empire together as one, expelled unchristian laws and composed the administration legitimately (he called his new laws the Justinian's Code), and he crushed any rising rebellions. He had enemies, but his wife Theodora helped him overtake them. After his death, the East Roman Empire fell apart. -
Period: 550 to
Ch. 15 - Japan
Japan is a country located in east Asia, where it is seperated from Korea by 100 miles and China by 400 miles. There are four main islands in Japan; Kyushu, Shikoku, Honshu, and Hokkaido. Japan is situated in between the East China Sea and the Pacific Ocean. Japan was actually made from the mountains and volcanoes under the sea. -
570
12.1 - Mecca - The Birth of Mohammed
Mohammed was born in Mecca. He is the first prophet of Islam and was the reason why Islam was spread out widely across the globe. He taught about Abahram and the line of Ishmael, the five pillars of Islam, a The Qur’an, and many other things. He preached all of this things in the Middle East, and his teachings started to spread in Asia and Africa. -
589
14.1 - China - Beginning of the Sui Dynasty
After the period of disunion, which had lasted from 220 to 589 AD, a man from the northern province of China created the Sui Dynasty. His name was Yang Jian. It didn’t last for a long extent of time, however, the leaders and chiefs of the Sui Dynasty constructed the Grand Canal, which was an artificial waterway. This dynasty ended 618 AD. -
593
15.1 - Japan - Prince Shotoku
One of the greatest leaders of Japan is Prince Shotoku, who assisted ruling Japan as a regent at only 20 years of age. During his life, he had always found an interest in the Chinese culture, so he followed Chinese ideas when he sent individuals there to learn about China. The individuals returned with the Chinese ideas, which transformed Japan. Confucianism impacted Japan largely when it was first introduced. -
622
12.2 - Saudi Arabia - The Qur’an
Islam is a religion of peace. The followers of Muhammad had memorized his proverbs, sayings, words, and teachings. They put everything they had learned from him into a a religious book called the Qur’an. They texts of the Qur’an mainly was focused on the belief that there is only one God (Allah) and Muhammad was his first prophet to spread his deeds. -
700
17.2 - Europe - A New Leader
Charles the Great, or commonly known as Charles the Great, was a skillful warrior and Christian king. He conquered many territories, invaded many empires, and won many battles. In conclusion, he had a large Empire. One day, he took over former areas of the Roman Empire, and was crowned king of the Romans by Pope Leo III due to his religious background. As the Roman king, he built many schools in Europe. In fact, he bonded people together through Christianity. -
900
14.2 - China - Creation of Paper Money
Before the thin notes of money, the Chinese had to use thick coins. But after the increase of trade and wealth, they invented the first paper money system. Yet due to printing too much money, the Chinese stopped using them, seeing as they had no more significant value. The paper money was made during the Song Dynasty. -
960
14.3 - China - Confucianism
During the Song Dynasty, Confucianism was incredibly important. However, when Buddhism was introduced, people started to value is more than Confucianism, seeing as Confucianism focused more on ethics while Buddhism focus more on spirituality. Nevertheless, throughout the later years, Confucianism gained its importance, but was modified to something called neo-Confucianism. The new Confucianism had the same philosophical ideas and beliefs, but it placed a greater significance on spirituality. -
1000
17.4 - Europe - Contrasts Between Japan and Europe
Feudalism in Europe was very similar to the Japanese society. For an example, knights and samurai. In Europe, for loyalty and protection, lords gave their knights land. In Japan, for loyalty and protection, samurai were given food sources. Another similarity was that they both had a code of honorable laws; Bushido in Japan and chivalry in Europe. The difference between the societies was the religion. Samurai had to follow Buddhism, Confucianism, and Shinto, while knights had to be Christian. -
1000
15.2 - Heian - Lady Murasaki Shikibu
Lady Murasaki Shikibu was one of the greatest writers during the early times of Japan. She is renowned for writing The Tale of Genji, which was a story about a Prince by the name of Genji searching for love. It is considered one of the best novels in Japan, according to many people. -
1000
18.2 - Jerusalem - The Beginning of the Crusades
Jerusalem, or also known as Palestine, is called the Holy Land due to the fact that Jesus lived, taught, and died there. The land is very important to the Muslims and Christians. The Holy Land belonged to the Muslims, and the Christians were welcomed to visit anytime. However, when a group of Turkish Muslims invaded Jerusalem, the Christians were not happy. Their pope, Pope Urban, encouraged them to retrieve their land by starting a war. Using that as a reason, the Christians fought the Muslims. -
Period: 1000 to 1500
Ch. 18 - The Later Middle Ages
The later Middle Ages took place in Europe, a continent connected to Asia, and is located on the northern area of the world map. The Middle Ages was a time when popes were granted spiritual power, and the kings were granted political power. It was also a time when there was a war between religions, and when the infamous Black Death came into the scene. -
1073
18.1 - Rome - Pope Gregory IV
Pope Gregory IV was a powerful pope who took authority in 1073. However, when he rejected the particular bishop Emperor Henry IV had chosen, trouble started to take place. Henry was outraged, and decided to remove Gregory as the pope. Due to this, Gregory excommunicated Henry. Henry wanted his position as king, and stayed outside Gregory’s house for nearly three days in the snow for forgiveness. Gregory had forgiven him, and this proved the power of the pope to many individuals. -
1137
17.3 - Europe - Eleanor of Aquitaine
One of the most powerful individuals during the Middle Ages was Eleanor of Aquitaine, who held immense political power. She had authority over the southwestern areas of France when she was a vassal called Aquitaine. However, after marrying Louis VII, she became the queen of France. Yet that didn't last long when she divorced him to marry King Henry III to become the queen of England. She was always busy ruling, and had many children. -
1200
18.5 - Europe - Pope innocent III
Due to the heresy issue, Pope Innocent the third due died when he started a crusade with southern France. He wanted the king and people of France to get rid of their heretics and due to this, it started a war which lasted for over twenty years. This resulted in the death of thousands of people. -
1206
14.4 - Mongolia - Genghis Khan
In Mongolia, the general population was separated into different tribes, but that all changed when a man named Temujin unified them as one. He became their leader, and took the name ‘Genghis Khan,’ which meant ‘new leader.’ Genghis Khan created a powerful, stable army and conquered many regions in Asia. By doing this, he created the Mongol Empire. Later on in the years, he took over China. No one dared to go against him because he and his army were terrifying. -
1215
18.4 - England - The Magna Carta
Kings during the Middle Ages believed that they were allowed to do anything they wanted. Popes were unhappy with this behavior and forced the current king, King John to sign a document which had all of the rights the king was not allowed to disregard. The document defended and protected the rights of the people, and had a major effect on the principles of the government. This document influenced people to investigate new ways to limit the power of the kings. -
1225
18.3 - Italy - Thomas Aquinas
Thomas Aquinas was born in Italy sometime during 1225, but lived most of his life in the country of France. He attended a university in Paris, and most of his time was dedicated to studying. In result, he created a book called Summa Theologica, which was an informational book that talked about the natural law. The natural law is the study of the relation between science and religion. He was considered the greatest thinker during the Middle Ages, and his ideas were used in many school lessons. -
1234
20.3 - Europe - Mercantilism and Capitalism
Mercantilism was introduced to Europe sometime during the 1500s. It is an economic system in which the economic activity within a country is controlled by the government. The government used this as an advantage to take gold and silver. Soon after, a market economy emerged; capitalism. It is a system in which industries are run by corporations and individuals. After that, capitalism took place. Capitalism is a market economy in which individuals can decide what they want to buy or sell. -
Period: 1270 to
Ch. 19 - The Renaissance and Reformation
This period of history started in Europe after the Black Death. Though it created chaos amongst the population, it had some beneficial results as well; it improved trading with Asia and the people had higher salaries. In fact, during this time, Marco Polo, an Italian explorer, traveled to China, Martin Luther posted the 95 theses, and the Roman Catholic Church had split. -
1271
19.1 - China - Marco Polo
Marco Polo, a traveler and explorer, voyaged to China. During the visit, he met Kublai Khan, a mongol Emperor. Kublai Khan secured Marco an ccupation in his royal court as a government official, and Marco took after his job for over twenty years there with his family. Then, he returned to Venice and shared the new discoveries, valuables, and resources he had investigated and found using his time in China. This encouraged the trade between Asia and Europe. -
1320
12.4 - Saudi Arabia - Ibn Battutah
Ibn Battutah was an explorer who travelled to many different countries to trade and explore. He visited Africa, China, Indian, and many more countries. He was able to travel to so many places because Muslim geographers were able to create nearly accurate maps to helps travelers, calculate distances, and calculate time by using the stars. -
1324
13.3 - Mali - Mansa Munsa
Mansa Musa was the most famous ruler of Mali, and was incredibly wealthy. He was a follower of Islam. He was so rich that he caused inflation wherever he went. He was also really into education. In addition, he built mosques and schools. When his son, a weak ruler, took over, it caused the downfall of the Empire to raiders/nomads. -
Period: 1400 to
Ch. 20 - Science and Exploration
This period of history took place sometime during the Renaissance. It was a time when scientists and explorers started to investigate the unknown, and take after new discoveries from previous generations. Different inventions were created and new theories were discovered, and the most reasonable theories from the past are still used today. -
1450
19.2 - Germany - Johann Gutenberg
Johann Gutenberg, created a printing press, which allowed the chance for individuals to copy work precisely. The way it worked, was that each letter was written on a different sheet of metal, and the letters are put together to form words. Then, ink is spread out on the metal, and is pressed against paper to ink the letters. Due to this, the Bible was printed in 1456, which was written in Latin. Later on, it was printed in other languages. -
1453
12.3 - Constantinople - Ottomans Conquer Constantinople
Mehmed II rose to power during the time of the Ottoman Empire. He conquered Constinople in 1453 and received the title, The Conqueror. He renamed the city to Istanbul and became a Sultan to rule over Istanbul. -
1492
20.2 - Europe - Christopher Columbus
Christopher Columbus was a Spanish sailor mostly known for “discovering” America. Originally, he intended to travel to Asia by using Ptolemy’s map, but the map was proven to be false later on as he actually settled in America. Until his death, he believed he was the one who found another route to Asia. Nevertheless, he is still given the title of being the founder of America. -
1500
15.3 - Japan - Unification of Japan
Due to the Mongol invasion and internal rebellion of Japan, the shoguns and emperors lost their power when the daimyos began to take charge and rule Japan. However, a man named Oda Nobunaga decided to unify Japan as one. He brought guns to Japan from the Portuguese traders to defeat any opposition. After his death, a man named Tokugawa Ieyasu took over Oda’s job. -
Oct 31, 1517
19.3 - Saxony - Martin Luther
Martin Luther is recognized as the man who started the reformation in Europe. It all started when he posted the new 95 theses, a list of complaints for the Church, on the door of the Wittenberg church. Due to Gutenberg’s invention, copies of this list were transferred and shared all throughout Europe. The pope of the Church was upset and excommunicated Martin. Eventually, this led to the split of the Roman Catholic Church, and Protestants beginning battles against the Church. -
1519
16.2 - Central America - Hermes Cortes
The Aztecs, who were also part of the early American societies, have been conquered by the spanish conquistadors led by Hermes Cortes. Cortes' objective was to navigate for precious metals, find some land and take authority over the inhabitants. The current king at that time, Moctezuma II, welcomed the Spanish because he believed they were gods. In the end, the Aztecs and the Spanish broke out into war, but the Spanish won when they killed Moctezuma II and brought diseases to the empire. -
1532
16.3 - Central America - Francisco Pizarro
Atahualpa, a prince, rebelled with his brother Huascar to get the throne of his deceased father. Eventually, he won the battle, however it had debilitated the Inca army. Nevertheless, he continued to gain the rights to the throne, but Francisco Pizarro had conquered the Incan empire with the conquistadors. Atahualpa paid Francisco to leave his empire and Francisco accepted the goods, but killed Atahualpa anyway. With that, the Inca civilization was under Spanish rule for over 300 years. -
Period: to
Ch. 21 - Enlightenment and Revolution
Enlightenment is the state of reflection and understanding. The period of Enlightenment, or the Age or Reason, in Europe started due to a series of events such as voyaging, the secientific revolution, and the Renaissance. It was a time when people started to doubt things, investigate more about the world, and when the new views on government started to take an approach. -
20.1 - Europe - Sir Isaac Newton
Sir Isaac Newton was a scientist who was passionate about the nature of light, thus he investigated many theories and conducted many experiments. He did all of this because he wanted to prove that the color of light was a blend of the colors from the rainbow. Another one of his theories incorporated the study of motion and gravity. Because his theories were proved to be correct, they are known as the Laws of Newton. -
21.1 - Europe - François Marie Arouet
François Marie Arouet, or commonly known as Voltaire, was a French philosopher who is renowned for ridiculing the government in his work. He was a humanist, and believed human happiness didn’t have to depend on God. In fact, he made an effort to support enlightenment, and trusted the progression of the arts and Science is the purpose of human happiness. He got into trouble for this, but argued about the unfair message of censoring his work. -
21.2 - France - Jean-Jacques Rousseau
Jean-Jacques Rousseau was a French thinker who didn’t like the idea of divine right, which was the right from God saying an individual can rule. Instead, he believed that the government should enforce the will of the people and serve them. This was called popular sovereignty. He even discussed this in his work called the Social Contract. -
21.3 - France - Declaration of Rights of Man and of the Citizen
After the French Revolution, peasants were scared that their authorities would try to bring down the revolution This started a period of time called the Great Fear, a time when peasants tried to take revenge on the lords and nobles. After this, the leaders of the revelation wrote a constitution. They created the rights similar to the US Declaration of Independence and the English Bill of rights called The Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen. -
Ch. 4 - Modern Day - Rosetta Stone (Egypt & Kush)
The Rosetta Stone is a stone object that contains the interpretations of the Egyptian Hieroglyphics. Since we have the Rosetta Stone, historians and archaeologists could read authentic records, documentations, hymns, sonnets and find new data. It has helped us a considerable measure in out in our era when individuals examined Egypt. We could get the glimpse of ancient Egypt because of the assistance of the Rosetta Stone. -
Ch. 6 - Modern Day - Silk (China)
Due to the expert silk-making originating from China, silk has been spread out to many nations of the world. They are worn for formal or religious ceremonies, as well as comfortable attires. Silk is made with the larvae cocoons of the silkworms. The Chinese people guarded how to make their silk as a secret at first, but it was later open for all to know. -
Ch. 8 - Modern Day - Olympics (Greece)
The Olympics is a sports contest that includes a variety of different sports. It occurs every four years in Olympia and it is open to professional players from various nationalities. In 1896, the first modern Olympics had occurred. -
Ch. 9 - Modern Day - Hippocratic Oath (The Greek World)
The doctors today take an oath called the Hippocratic Oath. The Hippocratic Oath is an oath to never purposefully kill your patients. This is recited after the graduation of medical school. It was inspired by the greatest Greek doctor named Hippocrates. -
Ch. 10 - Modern Day - Republic (Rome)
The Republic is a very common type of government we have in our world today. It allows the citizens to elect particular leaders to lead them. There are different types of republic systems such as the democratic republic, parliamentary republic, presidential republic, federal parliamentary republic, semi-presidential republic, and much more. -
Ch. 5 - Modern Day - Inoculation (India)
Inoculations are still used today in our time. People get inoculations to protect themselves from infectious maladies. Children at a young age get inoculations so that they won't suffer from any sickness. Without inoculations, sicknesses will easily be spread and there will be no insurance hindrance to prevent the disease. -
Ch. 11 - Modern Day - Christianity (Rome & Christianity)
When Jesus was crucified, he died on the cross. Today, the cross is a religious symbol of Christianity. This is because it has an important meaning behind it; the cross represented how Jesus died for our sins and his resurrection. -
Ch. 3 - Modern Day - Hammurabi's Code (Mesopotamia)
Hammurabi's Code has made a big impact on our society today. This code of laws was the inspiration to the laws we have today. Without any laws, our society would've been in terrible condition due to so many crimes and illicit deeds. -
Ch. 14 - China - Porcelain - Modern day
Porcelain is the fine thin material of lottery which was made during the Song Dynasty. It is considered very valuable in China, and is known as China or chinaware nowadays, and mainly used for special occasions. Porcelain is considered valuable in China during the dynasties because it brought a strong economy during the marketing and trading times. -
Ch. 15 - Modern Day - Samurai (Japan)
Professional warriors during ancient Japan were called the samurai. Although their status has been removed after the 1800s, they are still well-known today in games, movies, and culture. Nowadays, people specialize in samurai training to remember the loyalty the samurai had towards the government, military, and country. Samurai values also have affected Japan society, seeing as there is a large emphasis places on honor, sacrifice, and hard work. -
Ch.16 - Modern Day - Calendar (The Early Americas)
The Mayan calendar consisted of 365 days, similar to the quantity of days we have on our calendar today. They were able to figure out the amount of days by observing the sky and studying astronomy with observatories, which were the buildings made for people who wanted to observe the sky. Since they were good at mathematics, they were also able to predict time effectively. That explains why the Mayan people were able to create an accurate calendar. -
Ch. 12 - Modern Day - Islam (Saudi Arabia)
Islam is a religion of peace and is the second largest religion on the world today. Islam has millions of followers from the Middle East, Africa, and some parts of Eastern Asia. The word Islam’s translation is ‘to submit to God.’ -
Ch. 13 - Modern Day - Music (Africa)
Some of the music we listen to nowadays might have been from the time of the African griots. Individuals from Africa who were brought to America as slaves sang their traditional songs. Instruments like the kora were played as well. Throughout the years, the music had been modified to styles like the blues. -
Ch. 18 - Modern Day - School (The Middle Ages)
During the Middle Ages, students were taught in groups and not individually. Classes were taught using a schedule and it was required for students to take exams. They were given homework, assignments, and took part in school sports. During their graduation ceremonies or occasions, they wore gowns and caps. These traditions are still used nowadays. These customs still take part in our schools today and are widely common across the world. -
Ch.19 - Modern Day - Martin Luther
Martin Luther posted the 95 theses on the Catholic Church door, a list of complaints informing the problems with the Church. When the church confronted the issue, they took Martin Luther to court. Though this act started rebellions, this allowed the people to understand that they can have a direct relationship with god, and not have to only be able to speak to him through popes or priests. Nowadays, Christianity is viewed as a religion in which God and his people can have a relationship. -
Ch. 20 - Modern Day - Food (Science and Exploration)
The Colombian exchange was the trading system between the Old World (Europe) and the New World (America). This has an effect on us, since most of the foods we have today are the result to the Colombian trade. For an example, beans, cacao, peanuts, pineapples, pumpkins and other plants come from America, while bananas, cattle, peaches, and grapes come from Europe. Due to the exchange, Europe shared their resources from America to the rest of the world. With this interaction, we’ve benefited. -
Ch. 12 - Modern Day - US Declaration of Independence (Enlightenment and Revolution)
The colonists living in America didn’t like the British government’s laws and demand for taxes. The leaders of the colonists had conferences regarding the issue, and eventually started a war with the British on April 1775. In 1776, Thomas Jefferson signed the Declaration of Independence, a contract stating the liberties of the people. This is important because it has a big impact in the American democracy, and it is crucial because it was the year of the American independence from the British. -
Ch. 17 - Modern Day - Spread of Christianity in Europe (The Early Middle Ages)
During the beginning of the Middle Ages, many European countries weren't Christian. But sending missionaries to teach other countries in Europe about God allowed many churches to be built, and more people to have a connection with God. Although countries that have been in the Roman Empire converted to Christianity, there wasn't a big effort to continue spreading it. But now, the spread of Christianity in the entire Europe is all due to the missionaries from the early middle ages.
