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7 Canadian artists were drawn together by a common sense of frustration with the conservative quality of most Canadian art. Known for their unique art style of rugged landscapes, deep colours, and heavy brushstrokes. Emily Carr, painted unconventional scenes from her travels, was greatly inspired by the group of seven. Their work is currently known as "Canadian art" and is displayed alot. -
Residential schools ran until the late '90s. Indiginous children were taken from home and forced to embrace Christianity and English customs. More than 150,000 kids attended and most of them were mentally, physically, and emotionally abused as well as sexually assaulted. In 1920, under the Indian Act, it was mandatory for every Indigenous child to attend a residential school, it was illegal to go to a different school. -
Prohibition ran from 1918 to 20. Prohibition was a ban on alcohol during and after WW1. All provincial governments agreed to the ban except for Quebec. The goal of the alcohol ban was to save resources like grain and to decrease drunkenness and overall crime. Although the ban was pretty successful, organized crime was steadily increasing due to the amount of "Bootleggers" and Rumrunners that would make/smuggle alcohol out of the country. -
The Spanish flu was strongest in Canada from 1914-18 but lasted until the mid-'20s. There were about 2 000 000 cases and 10 000 deaths. Essential services were shut down due to medical staff being depleted from WW1. It was spread through military camps but was brought into Canada on the trans-continental railway. -
The largest strike in Canadian history. In 1919 working-class Canadians struggled to make ends meet due to inflation, poor wages, high unemployment. Workers wanted good wages, 8hr days, and the right to collectively bargain for better working conditions. There was unrest and from May to June 1919 more than 30,000 left their jobs. -
The ending of the Winnipeg General Strike. A crowd gathered to watch a parade (even though they were banned) protesting the arrest of strike headers and other hardships. The crowd grew and soon became a riot. Once a streetcar was flipped the NWMP were called. They charged the crowd and open fired. The aftermath was two dead and over 30 injured. The strike lasted only 5 days after this incident -
Flappers were known for their outgoing looks and represented a new era of liberated women. They wore short sequin skirts, high heels, bold makeup, and they cut their hair short. These women went to dance halls, jazz clubs, and speakeasies as a way to "escape from society’s rigid roles." Flappers showed women's new freedoms but were still seen as 'rebellious/indecent' by older generations. -
In the early 1920s, Frederick Banting and Charles Best discovered Insulin. Insulin regulates the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and protein and is allow people with diabetes to live normal lives. Before this discovery, anyone with diabetes had to live on very low-calorie diets that led to weakened immune systems and starvation. -
Movies with sound and dialogue were brand new in the 20s. The first talkie came to Canada in 1927. By the end of the decade, there were around 900 movies in Canada. Movies were a great way for people to get together. Even during the great depression people still went to see these talkies, simply because it brought them a few hours of peace and happiness. -
There were 6 main causes of the great depression. 1. overproduction, there were too many stores not selling enough products. 2. Canada was too dependent on a few products, Fish, Minerals, and wheat. 3. Canada was too dependent on the USA, they were 65% of imports but their economy crashed as well. 4. Canada's high tariffs killed international trade. 5. many Canadians used credit to buy things they could not afford. 6. there was too much credit buying stocks and the stock market collapsed. -
Black Tuesday is the day the stock market crashed, October 29th, 1929. The stock market crashing was a very dramatic event that was signaling the beginning of the Great Depression, and economic decline in Canada. The crash occurred because too many people were buying stocks with credit (buying a margin). Also, too many people were using credit to buy things with money they did not have. -
Bennett buggies were named after prime minister RB Bennett. When he was elected in 1930 he made many promises but did not keep them. Due to low wages and economic decline people could not afford to keep their cars running. They had to remove the motor/engine and hook them up to horses to get around. People named these new vehicles Bennett buggies as a way to make fun of the prime minister and blame him for their situation. -
William McKenzie King (Canada's prime minister at the time) gave a speech at the beginning of the Great Depression saying that he would not give "5￠to the provinces". He believed that social welfare was the responsibility of the provincial governments and did not want to give anyone unemployment benefits. This was a huge factor in the election where Mackenzie King was replaced by RB Bennett. People wanted the government to help fix the Great Depression and King had planned to wait it out. -
During the worst years of the depression, most people were living in poverty. Relief was government financial support that you could receive. Before the depression, financial aid was from the government or private charities. Although relief helped it was not much, for a family of 5 in Montreal they received $4.58 for one week. As a solution, RB Bennett started relief camps to decrease unemployment. -
In the mid-1930s prime minister, RB Bennett was losing the battle against the great depression. His tactics were not working and Canadian citizens were not happy with him. He proposed a new deal (a change in his promises) that would give Canadians; social insurance, unemployment insurance, minimum wage, maximum number of hours a week, and price control. His deal came too late and in the next election, he lost to the re-elected Mackenzie King.