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A series of wars involving France and its allies against other European powers, mostly Britian.
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Napoleons forces were beaten by the British and the Prussians, leading to the end of his reign and the end of France's domination in Europe.
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The Greek revolution, a successful of war of independence against the Ottoman Empire.
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Work on the rail road begun in the 1820's to connect Manchester to Liverpool
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Queen of Great Britain for 63 years, the second longest reigning monarch after Queen Elizabeth
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the start of a period of mass starvation and emigration from Ireland.
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Also known as Spring of Nations, People's Spring, Springtime of the Peoples. 1848-1849. Most of the revolution failed.
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A political pamphlet, summarizes their theories about the nature of society and politics.
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A military conflict where the Russian Empire lost their alliances with France, Britain, The Ottoman Empire, and Sardinia.
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Henry Bessemer created the first inexpensive industrial process for the mass-production of steel from molten pig iron before the development of the open hearth furnace.
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British Raj, Crown rule in India, direct rule in India.
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The 1861 Emancipation Manifesto proclaimed the emancipation of the serfs on private estates and of the domestic serfs.
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The political and social movement that consolidated different states of the Italian Peninsula to a single state
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Invented by Alfred Nobel, the first safely manageable explosive stronger than gun powder.
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The Compromise re-established partially the sovereignty of the Kingdom of Hungary, separate from, and no longer subject to the Austrian Empire
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A canal connecting the Mediterranean sea and the Red sea, the canal became on of the worlds most traveled shipping lane.
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A war between the Second French Empire, lead by Napoleon III vs the North German Confederation led by Prussia.
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The third and final act of German unification was the Franco-Prussian War, the plan was to draw western German states into alliance with the North German Confederation. With the French defeat, the German Empire was proclaimed in January 1871 in the Palace at Versailles
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The Emperor of Russia as well as King of Poland and Grand Duke of Finland. Killed in the street of St. Petersburg by a bomb thrown by a member of the group "People's Will" a terrorist group.
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" The Scramble for Africa", the occupation, division, and annexation of Africa by European powers
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The trial and conviction of Alfred Dreyfus, a political scandal that divided France.
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A series of revolts beginning in Sicily and spreading to France,Germany, Italy, and the Austrian Empire.
