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Napoleon Bonaparte's Grande Armée crossed the Neman River and invaded Russia from what is now Poland. For the French, the end consequence was disastrous. Napoleon's Grande Armée, which consisted of more than 500,000 soldiers from Europe, was rejected by the Russian army. -
Although O'Donoj's assertion of Mexican independence was first disputed by the Spanish crown, the date is today acknowledged as the break from Old Spain. -
1803 American acquisition of imperial powers over the western half of the Mississippi River basin from France. -
Texas officially proclaimed its separation from Mexico. -
After 13 days of fighting the war came to an end. -
James K. Polk, the president of the United States, officially acknowledged Texas as the 28th state of the Union by signing the annexation measure into law. -
The Mexican-American War (1846-48) was officially over. -
The 19th quadrennial presidential election took place in the United States in 1860. -
The last battle took place at Palmito Ranch. -
The railroad opened for through traffic. When Leland Stanford, president of the CPRR, ceremonially pushed the golden "Last Spike" at Promontory Summit in Utah (after referred to as the "Golden Spike").