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2500 BCE: egyptian bleeding
Egyptians used bleeding to treat patients. -
500 BCE: Animal Disection
A greek thinker named Alcmaeon croton practiced animal disections and observes that arteries and veins are dissimilar -
450-400 BCE: Empedocles
A philospher named Empedocles belived that our sense came from our heart. And had a theory that all matter is comprised of four elements earth, fire, air, and water. -
350 BCE: Aristotle
Aristotle a greek philosopher belived that the heart is the central organ of the body. He conducted many animal disection to decribe their anatomical structures based off of his observations. -
400 BCE: Hippocrates
Hippocrates set forth the basis of Western medicine: he came up with the idea that disease results from natural opposed to magical causes, also patients should be observed and symptoms of disease should be recorded. -
400 BCE: Hippocrates
Similar to the four elements, the body is made of. Hippocrates had the idea that the body consist of four humors -- blood, phlegm, black bile, and yellow bile and their imbalance causes disease. -
300 BCE: Herophilus of Chalcedon
Herophilus of Chalcedon was one of the first greek atonomist that publicaly dissect humans. And determinend that arteries are thicker than veins and carry blood. -
130CE-200CE: Claudius Galenus
Claudius Galenus who is known as the most important physician who dissects humans and animals.He proved that arteries contain blood also suggests that arteries and veins are completely distinct, and blood forms in the liver and travels through the veins to the rest of the body. -
Mid-1200s:
Eminent Cairo a physician who discoverd and describes the flow of blood to and from the lungs. -
1553:Michael Servetus
Michael Servetus who suggested that the blood flows from one side to the other it went through the lungs instead of the ventircles -
1000-1699:Ancient Greece
Ancient Greece in the 17th century witnessed the first known blood transfusions, from animal to animal and, later, from animal to human. -
1603: Vein valves
Fabricius an anatomist publishes his work on the valves in veins, featuring the first drawings of vein valves. -
1658: Red blood cells
Jan Swammerdam is one of the first people to observe and describe red blood cells. -
1661: Arteries to veins
Using a rudimentary microscope anatomist Marcello Malpighi observes the capillary system, the network of fine vessels that connect the arteries and the veins. -
1665: Blood transfusion
Richard Lower performs the first recorded blood transfusion in animals. -
1667: Transfuses in human
a French physician transfuses a teenage boy suffering from a persistent fever he uses nine ounces of lamb's blood. -
1674: Percise red blood cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek a dutch microscopist provides a more precise description of red blood cells, even approximating their size, "25,000 times smaller than a fine grain of sand." -
1700-1919: Human to Human transfusion
The first human-to-human blood transfusions were performed the failure rate was high since blood groups had not yet been discovered. But that all changed when Austrian Karl Landsteiner published his discovery of the three main human blood groups in 1901. -
1771:
British anatomist William Hewson details his research on blood coagulation, including clotting and isolating a substance from plasma he dubs "coagulable lymph." The substance is known as fibrogen, a protein in the clotting process. -
1818: Eminent
eminent a physiologist performs the first recorded human-to-human blood transfusion. -
1901: 3 main blood groups
Karl Landsteiner publishes a paper detailing his discovery of the three main human blood groups A, B, and C, which he later changes to O. -
1902: Agglutination
Dr. Landsteiner's and his colleague identify a fourth blood group AB that causes agglutination in the red cells of both groups "A" and "B." -
1907: cross matching
Dr. Reuben Ottenberg performs the first transfusion using cross matching, and over the next several years successfully uses the procedure in 128 cases,eliminating transfusion reactions. -
1914: clotting
Albert Hustin and Luis discover that adding sodium citrate to blood will prevent it from clotting. -
1915: blood refrigerated
Dr. Richard Weil determines that citrated blood can be refrigerated and stored for a few days and then successfully transfused. -
1916:Citrate-glucose
Francis Peyton Rous and J.R. Turner develop a citrate-glucose solution that allows blood to be stored for a few weeks after collection and still remain viable for transfusion. -
1917: first blood depot
Oswald Robertson, familiar with the work of Drs. Rous and Turner, collects and stores type O blood. In World War he establishes the first blood depot. -
1922: Percy lane oliver
Percy Lane Oliver begins operating a blood donor service out of his home in London. All volunteers are screened for disease, tested for blood type, and their names are entered into a phone log, so they can be quickly contacted when blood is required. -
1930: soviets
The Soviets were the first to establish a network of facilities to collect and store blood for use in transfusions at hospitals. -
1935: transfusion service
A group of anesthesiologists had organized a transfusion service and started storing citrated blood and utilizing it for transfusions within a hospital setting in the U.S. -
1937: blood bank
Dr. Bernard uses the term "blood bank" to describe the blood donation, collection, and preservation facility he starts at County Hospital in Chicago. -
1941: albumin
Philadelphia surgeon Dr. Isidor Ravdin successfully treats victims of the Pearl Harbor attack with albumin to increase blood volume. -
1959: X-Rays
From X-rays Dr. Max Perutz is able to unravel the structure of hemoglobin, the protein within red blood cells that carries oxygen. -
1983: AIDS
Researchers at Montagnier's lab isolate the virus that causes AIDS. They locate it in the swollen lymph node in the neck of a Parisian AIDS patient and label it LAV.