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slowdown in manufacturing led to food shortages, rising prices for food, and unemployment.
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General at Versailles on May 5, 1789. In the Estates-General, the First and Second
Estates each had about 300 representatives. The Third Estate had almost 600 representatives. Most of the Third Estate wanted to set up a constitutional government that would make the clergy and nobility pay taxes, too. -
about 900 Parisians gathered in the courtyard of
the an old fortress, used as a prison and armory(Bastille). The price of bread had reached record highs so the crowd was hungry and agitated. -
National Assembly decided to abolish all legal privileges of the nobles and clergy.
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On August 26, the National Assembly adopted the Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
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The new Constitution of 1791 set up a
limited monarchy. There was still a king,
but a Legislative Assembly would make
the laws. The new body was designed to
be conservative. -
the royal family attempted to flee France in disguise. They almost succeeded in reaching allies in the east, but they were recognized and were captured at Varennes and brought back to Paris.
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Another example of de-Christianization was the adoption of a new calendar. Years would no longer be numbered from the birth of Christ but from September 22, 1792—the first day of the French Republic and the autumnal equinox. The calendar contained 12 months. Each month consisted of three 10-day weeks, with the tenth day of each week a day of rest. The months were given new names that referred to agriculture or the climate.
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the king was beheaded on the guillotine.
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By the summer of 1794, the French had largely defeated their foreign foes. There was less need for the Reign of Terror, but it continued nonetheless. Robespierre was obsessed with ridding France of all the corrupt elements. Only then could the Republic of Virtue follow.
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in less than a year, the new French government had raised a huge army—by September 1794, it had over a million soldiers.
It was the largest army ever seen in Europe, and it pushed the invaders back across the Rhine. -
In 1796 he became commander of the French armies in Italy. There Napoleon won a series of battles with qualities he became famous for—speed, surprise, and decisive action.
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Under the new constitution, the executive was a committee of five called the Directory. The Council of Elders chose the Directors from a list presented by the Council of 500. The Directory, which lasted from 1795 to 1799, became known mainly for corruption.
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Napoleon Bonaparte he brought it to an end when he came to power in 1799. he was a child of the revolution as well. Without it, he would never have risen to power, and he himself never failed to
remind the French that he had preserved the best parts of the revolution during his reign as emperor. -
By 1799,the British had defeated the French naval
forces supporting Napoleon’s army in
Egypt. Seeing certain defeat, Napoleon
abandoned his army and returned to Paris.supporting Napoleon’s army in Egypt. Seeing certain defeat, Napoleon abandoned his army and returned to Paris. -
In 1801 Napoleon came to an agreement with the pope, which recognized Catholicism as the religion of a majority of the French people. In return, the pope would not ask for the return of the church lands seized in the revolution.
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His Grand Empire was composed of three major parts: the French
Empire, dependent states, and allied states. The French Empire was the inner core of the Grand Empire. It consisted of an
enlarged France extending to the Rhine in the east and including the western half of Italy north of Rome. -
Between 1808 and 1814, Napoleon created
about 3,200 nobles. Nearly 60 percent were
military officers, while the rest were civil
service or state and local officials. Socially,
only 22 percent of this new aristocracy were
from noble families of the old regime; about
60 percent were middle class in origin.
