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Economic Crisis (1780s)
economic:
The worst inflation in U.S. history occured due to the blockade of ports, a demand for military supplies, and currency issues, all resulting from the Revolutionary War. -
Annapolis Convention
political:
Conference of state delagates in Annapolis, Maryland, that issued a call for a convention in Philadelphia to consider fundamental changes. -
Constitutional Convention
political:
12 states assembled at Pennsylvania State House in Philadelphia to discuss creating the Constitution, which was a stronger replacement of the Articles of Confederation. -
The Federalist published
social:
series of essays authored by Madison, Hamilton, and Jay in defense of the new Constitution. -
The Great Compromise
political:
Plan proposed at the 1787 Constitutional Convention for creating a national bicameral legislature. -
Constitution Ratified
political:
9 out of 13 states ratify Constitution, making it official. -
First federal elections
political:
People could vote to elect representatives of government. -
Judiciary Act
political:
Act of Congress that implemented the judiciary clause of the Constitution by establishing the Supreme Court and a system of lower federal courts. -
Newspapers
social:
U.S. was producing 92 different newspapers. Liberty of the press helped the news papers to at high rates. -
Tariff of 1789
economic:
First tariff passed by Congress- was intended to raise revenue and not protect American manufacturers from foreign competition. -
Increase in Suffrage
political:
Voting increased throughout U.S. -
The French Revolution
economic:
U.S. benifitted economically by providing/trading with French AND British (neutrality). -
Suffrage Restrictions
social:
Women, African Americans, Indians and unfit whites could not vote. Voting limited to small percentage. -
Intercourse Act
economic:
Law that allowed the U.S. to regulate trade and interactions with the Indian peoples. -
Women on the Intellectual Scene
social:
The increase of women writers was one of the most important soical legacies of democratic struggles of the Revolutionary era. -
Second Great Awakening
social:
Religious revival among black and white southerners. -
Bill of Rights ratified
political:
These first 10 Ammendments granted and protected the people and government's basic rights. -
Bank of the United States Chartered
social:
Proposed by Alexander Hamilton, it would serve as the depository for government funds and the agent of Treasury. -
Haiti
social:
First independent black nation due to slave revolt. -
Period: to
Growth of American Trade
economic:
French Revolution brought on period of warfare between
Britain and France. American merchants wanted to supply both sides. Expansion of trade led to development of shipbuilding industry and growth of coastal cities. -
U.S. Claims Neutrality
social:
During French Revolution, U.S. was pressured to choose a side- claimed neutrality to maintain good relations. -
Period: to
Industrial Revolution
economic:
Technological and social improvement that sparked high demand for goods- began in Enland. -
Treaty of Greenville
social:
Native Americans forced to cede most of the present state Ohio to the United States. Increased Westward expansion for America. -
Washington's Farewelll Address
political:
In last month of his term, Washington published his farewell address, arguing not for American isolation, but rather American disinterest in foreign nation affairs. -
Adams Elected President
political:
John Adams elected second president of U.S. Being a Federalist, he was put in difficult situation of facing political opposition led by Washington. -
XYZ Affair
economic:
Americans angered by the demands of the French for negotiating with American diplomats. -
Alien and Sedition Acts
political:
Passed by Congress- four acts that severely limited freedom of speech, freedom of press, and liberty of foreigners in United States. -
American Literature and Art
social:
Ecouraged colonization in U.S. -
Rise of Political Parties
political:
by the Election of 1800, Federalists and Jeffersonian Republicans emerged with disinctly different views. -
Charleston
economic:
South's main port for indigo, rice, and cotton. -
Baltimore
economic:
Major port for tobacco in Chesapeake Bay region. -
Philadelphia
economic:
Commericial and banking, built international trade networks. -
New York
economic:
Auctions system, agressive. -
Revolution of 1800
political:
Jefferson took office- Jeffersonian Republican party in office for first time. Nonpartisan government. -
American People
social:
farm-based lives, communities fewer than 2,500 people, crops grown for home use rather than sale. -
Jefferson Elected President
political:
Thomas Jefferson inagurated into office- 3rd president of U.S., Republican Party. -
The African American Community
social:
African American slaves built own communities- religions, ceremonies, families, work, etc. -
Louisian Purchase
ecnomic:
Area purchased from Napolean/French by Robert Livingston for $15 million as opposed to $10 million. -
Marbury vs, Madison
political:
Supreme Court decision that created the precedent of judicial review by ruling as unconstitutional part of the Judiciary Act of 1789. -
Louis and Clark Expedition
social:
Merriwether Louis and William Clark sent by President Jefferson to survey Louisiana Purchase and an overland route to Pacific Ocean. Also instructed to inform Indians they now owed loyalty and trade to American government- challenged British economy. -
Pan-Indian Military Resistance
social:
Movement that called for the political and cultural unification of Indian tribes- led by Tecumseh. -
Embargo Act
economic:
Act passed by Congress prohibiting American ships from leaving any foreign ports- economic disaster for America. -
Bill to Abolish Slave Imports
economic:
Bill that ended all slave imports- planters had to produce own slaves. -
Madison Elected President
political:
James Madison of the Federalist Party is elected 4th President. -
War of 1812 Begins
political:
War fought between the United States and Britain laregly over British restrictions on American shipping. -
Louisiana Admitted to Union
political:
Louisiana first slave state in Louisiana Purchase. -
Treaty of Ghent
social:
signed between U.S. and Great Britain- ended War of 1812. Allowed westward movement of Americans and ended Indian resistances. -
Battle of New Orleans
economic:
Best known victory for the Americans- happened after the Treaty of Ghent, but was crucial in American history in the way that it stopped Britian from being able have ports in New Orleans. -
American System
economic:
Allowed people to promote the American economy by protecting domestic product from foreign competitors. -
Second Bank of the U.S.
economic:
Regulated currency and credit powers. -
Monroe Elected
political:
James Monroe of the Republican Party is elected 5th president. It was during his presidency that the Era of Good Feelings occured, -
Era of Good Feelings Begins
political:
First time American government had governed in a nonpartisan harmony- absence of Federalists. -
Missouri Crisis
social:
Westward expansion led to debates regarding how slavery would be handled. -
Period: to
The Missouri Compromise
social:
Dealt with the issue of slavery in newly acquired territory. Maine entered union as free state while Missouri entered as a slave state. Slavery prohibited north of Missouri. Created balance in legislature. -
Panic of 1819
economic:
End of American shipping boom, international demand for American foodstuffs declined, American farmers and shippers suffered. -
Transcontinental Treaty
economic:
Between U.S. and Spain- Spain ceded Florida to the United States, surrendered all claims to Pacific NW, and agreed to a boundary between the Louisiana Purchase territory and the Spanish SW. -
Affects of Second Bank of the United States
economic:
Farmers disliked Second Bank- blamed it for their debt. -
Westward Surge
social:
More than twenty five percent of the population lived west of the Appalachian Mountains. -
Monroe Doctrine
social:
Put together by John Quincy Adams, put into action by President Monore- called for an end to colonization to westward parts of America by any European nations. -
Protective Tariff Debate
social:
Planters wanted a decline in tariffs due to the decline in cotton prices, but manufacturers wanted the tariffs rasied to increase the company's revenue.