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The plains Modernize
Horses stolen from the ranches of New Mexico begin to transform the culture of the Plains, enabling Native Americans to hunt buffalo more efficiently and to range farther in battle with their enemies. Within another generation the horse will spread from New Mexico through the region west of the Rocky Mountains to the tribes of the Northwest. -
Famous philosipher Thomas Hobbes returns to England
Famous philosipher Thomas Hobbes returns to England after 10 years in exile. His exile was related to the civil wars of the time. -
Anglo- Dutch War starts/ declared
England declares war against the Netherlands, commencing the first in a series of 'Anglo-Dutch Wars' fought until 1684. The wars are triggered by commercial rivalry between the two nations, including Dutch attempts to access Virginia's tobacco trade. -
• "Great Fifth" Dalai Lama meets Qing Emperor Shunzhi near Beijing.
The Great Fifth, as he is still known, also created an institution which some of his successors had cause, to rtie. This was the office of Panchen - or Tashi - Lama which he bestowed as a gesture of veneration upon his aged and revered teacher, the Abbot of Tashilhunpo monastery, near Shigatse, Tibet's second largest town. Both the Dalai and Panchen Lamas, Tibetans believe, are reincarnations of different aspects of the Buddha himself, the Panchen being concerned exclusively with spiritual matte -
Jews in America
In September 1654, 23 Jews arrived in New Amsterdam aboard the St Cathrien. The Jews had come from Recife in Northeast Brazil, where they lived under Dutch rule. The Portuguese captured Recife from the Dutch and expelled the Jews.
When the Jews arrived the captain of the ship sued them for the money to pay for their passage. The local court sold their belonging and imprisoned two of the party. -
De Corpore Thomas hobbes first book is published
Hobbes continued to publish philosophical works for several years. De Corpore was published in 1655, and provides Hobbes's main statements on several topics, such as method and the workings of language. -
first jewish synagoge opened in britain
The events of 1656 are popularly regarded as a watershed and, more widely, an important step in the development of a multicultural nation. The first synagogue opened in 1656, quickly followed by the first Jewish cemetery in London's Mile End.
By 1701, the community felt confident enough to build and open Bevis Marks Synagogue, the oldest still in use today. -
Oliver Cromwell refuses crown in great britain
Cromwell agreed to end the system of Major Generals. -
Cromwell sends military police to great britain
MPs came up with a new system for government in the 'Humble Petition and Advice'. Many MPs, and Cromwell’s supporters, urged him to make himself king. Cromwell refused the crown, but was confirmed as Lord Protector. -
French fur traders find tribes by Lake Superior
French traders Medard Chouart and Pierre Esprit Radisson become the first Europeans to make contact with the tribes of the northern Plains when they venture west and south of Lake Superior in search of furs. -
Thomas Hobbes second book is published
De Homine was published in 1658, completing the plan of the Elements of Philosophy. In later years Hobbes defended his work in a series of extended debates. These included debates with John Wallis and Seth Ward that centred on Hobbes's alleged squaring of the circle, debates with John Bramhall about liberty and necessity, and debates with Robert Boyle about the experimental physics of the Royal Society. -
Quackers executed
On October 27th, two Quakers were executed in Boston, after reentering the colony, despite having been expelled. One year later, a third person, a women named Mary Dyer, was also hanged, after returning to the colony. She had initially been spared execution.