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In the New Kingdom (1539–1075 BCE) the kings were buried in rock-cut tombs, but separate mortuary temples continued to be built nearby. All were provided with a staff of priests and assured of supplies through endowments of estates and lands, to ensure religious services and offerings in perpetuity.
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Founding of the 18th dynasty, Amenhotep completed the expulsion of the Hyksos (Asiatic rulers of Egypt), invaded Palestine, and re-exerted Egypt's dominance over northern Nubia, to the south
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Earliest existing ruins at Deir el-Medina date from the reign of Thutmose I
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Thutmose I was the third Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt, gaining the thrown after the death of Amenhotep I. During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the borders of Egypt further than ever before.
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After his Nubian war Thutmose penetrated to the Euphrates River in the vicinity of Carchemish in Syria as he continued the pursuit of the Hyksos.
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Hatshepsut's fleet of five ships returned after the two year voyage, bringing back five shiploads of various goods, yet the most prized of all their cargo was 31 live frankincense trees. The trees had been carefully excavated and their roots bound in balls of their indigenous soil for the duration of the long voyage. Upon arrival Hatshepsut had the trees planted in the courts of her Deir el Bahari mortuary temple.
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Thutmose I was the first king who definitely was buried in the Valley of the Kings. The architect, Ineni, built the tomb, and his mortuary temple. This temple has not been found as it was probably destroyed by the building of Hatshepsut's mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri. Thutmose I was buried in a tomb now called KV20 dug high into the cliffs of the Valley of the Kings
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Thutmose II, suppressed a revolt in Nubia, Egypt's territory to the south, and also sent a punitive expedition to Palestine against some Bedouins. However, little is known of Thutmose II's reign.
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While Hatshepsut was depicted in official art wearing regalia of a pharaoh, such as the false beard that male pharaohs also wore, she also maintained some feminine features.
“Although for most of her reign Hatshepsut was depicted with the traditional image of a male king, the names that she used as king were formed with grammatically feminine participles, thus openly acknowledging her female status,” write Gay Robins in a 1999 article in "The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology." -
One of the buildings she commissioned from her beloved architect (and probable consort) Senenmut or Senenu, was the Djeser-Djeseru temple,
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Following the death of Thutmosis II, Hatshepsut becomes regent for his son Thutmose III who would eventually succeed her. She was the fifth pharaoh of the 18th Dynasty during the New Kingdom (1570-1069 BCE) and is regarded as one of the best.
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Kadesh and Megiddo lead a Canaanite alliance against the Egyptian invasion by Thutmose III
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Officially, Thutmose III ruled Egypt for almost 54 years however, this includes the 22 years he was co-regent to Hatshepsut.
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Thutmose III of Egypt defeats a coalition of Canaan, Kadesh, Mitanni, and Megiddo led by Durusha, king of Kadesh.
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Amenhotep II, also called Amenophis II, king of ancient Egypt, son of Thutmose III. Ruling at the height of Egypt's imperial era, strove to maintain his father's conquests by physical and military skills.
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The seventh pylon shows Thutmose III wearing the red crown and smiting his enemies with a club. there is also a list of 119 Palestinian towns that were conquered during his first campaigns and a further 240 names cities between Labanon and the Euphrates which he took in year 33rd of his reign during his eighth campaign. Two badly damaged colossi site in front of the pylon. But these statues were carved in hard red Aswan granite and the remaining parts are still well defined.
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The temple is dedicated to Amun, Mut, and Khonsu and was the focus of one of the most important religious festivals in ancient Egypt (the annual Opet Festival). During the festivities, the statues of Amun, Mut and Khonsu would travel from Karnak to Luxor. Consequently, the temple is aligned with Karnak not the river, which was more commonplace.
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Thutmose IV was the 8th Pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt, who ruled in approximately the 14th century BC. His prenomen or royal name, Menkheperure, means "Established in forms is Re."
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Amenhotep III (c. 1386-1353 BCE) was the ninth king of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. His greatest contribution to Egyptian culture was in maintaining peace and prosperity, which enabled him to devote his time to the arts. Many of the most impressive structures of ancient Egypt were built under his reign and, through military campaigns, he not only strengthened the borders of his land but expanded them. He ruled Egypt with Tiye for 38 years until his death.
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The Amarna Period of ancient Egypt was the era of the reign of Akhenaten (1353-1336 BCE). His reign is known as The Amarna Period because he moved the capital of Egypt from the traditional site at Thebes to the city he founded, Akhetaten, which came to be known as Amarna (also Tell el-Amarna). Additionnally, the Amarna Period is one of the most controversial eras in Egyptian history.
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In the fifth year of his reign, Akhenaten underwent a dramatic religious transformation and changed his devotion from Amun to that of Aten. For the next twelve years, he became famous (or infamous) as the `heretic king’ who abolished the traditional religious rites of Egypt and instituted the first known monotheistic state religion in the world and, according to some, monotheism itself.
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Akhenaten moved his capital from Thebes to a place now called Tell el-Amarna or Amarna, (then Akhetaten, "Horizon of Aten") more than 200 miles (300 km) north, on a desert bay on the east side of the Nile River. Among the surviving works of this period are the colossal statues of Akhenaten, the paintings from his private residence, the bust of his wife Nefertiti, and that of his mother, Queen Tiy.
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His name means `living image of [the god] Amun’. He was born in the year 11 of the reign of Pharaoh Amenhotep IV (better known as Akhenaten) c. 1345 BCE
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When akhenaten died, the priests of the old golds regained control and worship of akhenaten was removed from every monument in record. His new city was abandonded.
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From the death of his father in 1336 BCE, Tutankhamun took reign over Egypt, restoring the old religion of Egypt back to Amun whilst intiating religious reforms returning Egypt to their traditional belief structure, until his death in 1323 BCE at age 17
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Horemheb (reigned 1320-1292 BCE) was the last pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He is also known as Dejserkheprure and Horemhab. His name means, “Horus is in Festival” and he came from the lower classes of Egypt, worked himself up through the ranks of the army, became commander-in-chief of the Egyptian military, and finally pharaoh.
