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History
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The Social Contract
The Social Contract was created by Jean Jacques Rousseau with the purpose to help to create a new political community. It ended up helping to inspire political reforms/revolutions in Europe. -
First Fleet
During August 1786, the British government decided to begin a convict settlement in New South Wales. This was the best way for England to claim Australia, preventing Spain or France from taking the New World. None of the 1332 people aboard the ship knew what would be expected in this foreign land. The eleven ships that left England for Australia landed in Port Jackson on the 26th of January, 1788. That day Captain Phillip raised the British flag and claimed the land for the new colony to begin. -
Bennelong and Colby
During 1789, Governor Arthur Phillip captured two Aboriginals, Bennelong and Colby, in an attempt to learn more about the indigenous people of Australia. Colby escaped shortly after being caught but Bennelong stayed with Phillip to learn more about the white intruders. Bennelong Travelled with Phillip, even to England. These two different cultures would then be able to live, trade and communicate as one. -
Safer Smallpox Vaccination
During 1796, Edward Jenner developed a safer and more reliable vaccination for the deadly disease, smallpox. Mr Jenner confirmed the hypothesis made that people who had caught cowpox could obtain immunity to smallpox. He showed that the hypothesis was correct by experimenting on his gardener’s eight year old son, James Phipps. This led to the obliteration of smallpox from Europe. -
Caroline Chisholm: The Emigrants friend
Caroline Chisholm arrived in Sydney in 1838. During her stay in Australia, Caroline established a home where homeless and jobless women were able to stay. For the Female Immigrants’ Home (the name of the home she established) she was allowed the use of part of the old immigration barracks. It could house up to 96 women. By the time Caroline left Australia in 1846, she had found work for over 10 000 people. -
End of Convict Transportation to NSW
On May 22nd, 1940, transportation of convicts to New South Wales ended. This was due to an increasing number of free migrants and to be free of the ‘convict stain.’ In 1837, a parliamentary committee, with Sir William Molesworth being at the head of it, suggested ending the transportation of convicts to New South Wales. On the 22nd an Order-in-council was issued. This ended with the removal of New South Wales from the list of places where convicts were being sent. -
End of Convict Transportation
Due to the increasing number of free migrants and the desire for the Colonial Society to be free of convicts, the government decided to end convict transportation. Secretary of New South Wales, Earl Grey wrote to Governor Fitzroy on 18 November 1849 advising him that no more convicts would be sent to the Colony. There were enough people in the colonies to sustain themselves and continue to grow. The Convicts had serverd their purpose in being sent to the New Land. -
South Australia Introduces Female Suffrage
On the 18th of December, 1894, women were granted the right to vote in South Australia. Women being able to vote came after many years of effort by women and men believed that “it is the foundation of all political liberty that those who obey the law should have a voice in choosing those who make the law.” South Australia was the first Australian colony to have both men and women voting alongside each other. -
Britain grants permission for the Australian colonies to federate
Western Australia was the last colony that hadn't accepted federation. During 1900 Western Australia became one with the rest of the colonies, choosing to accept federation rather than stay as a single colony. Britain granted permission for the colonies to federate. Australia later became a whole independent nation on 1 January, 1901. -
Assassination of Franz Ferdinand and Sophie
Franz Ferdinand was the royal prince of Hungary and was married to the Duchess of Hohenburg, Sophie. On the 28th of June, 1914, Franz and Sophie were assassinated in Sarajevo, the provincial capital of Bosnia and Herzegovina. This set of a chain of events: Austria-Hungary blamed Serbia for the attack so Austria-Hungary declared war against Serbia on July 28th. Russia, Belgium, France, Great Brittan and Serbia were fighting against Austria-Hungary and Germany. That being the start of WWI. -
The landing of the ANZAC troops in Gallipoli
On Sunday, the 25th of April 1915, The ANZAC troops landed on the beach of the Gallipoli Peninsula. They landed on the wrong part of the Peninsula though. When they landed, thousands of troops were shocked to find a cliff instead of fields. The Turkish were above the cliffs and fired down onto the ANZAC’s. Many ANZAC troops were killed during the first day of the months that were spent on that beach. This day is now commemorated as ANZAC day every year. -
Lone Pine
On the 6th of August, 1916, the Australian troops charged the Turkish troops at Lone Pine. This attack was planned as a ‘feint’ attack. It was planned upon the forward trenches of Lone Pine, were the Turkish were. If the attack was convincing enough then the Turkish would take soldiers from Chunuk Bair, the main arena. The fighting at Lone Pine took 3 days. There were over 2000 Australian casualties. The battle at Lone Pine has been described as some of the worst for World War I.
