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Assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand
Archduke Franz Ferdinand is assassinated by the Black Hand in Serbia because Austria-Hungary performed military maneuvers that encroached into Bosnia and Herzegovina, causing hostility in Serbia. https://www.britannica.com/biography/Franz-Ferdinand-Archduke-of-Austria-Este -
Period: to
World War I
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Sinking of the Lusitania
The sinking of Lusitania, a British ocean liner, was sunk by a German U-boat because Germany fought using unrestricted warfare.This meant that the Germans could attack without warning, thus unrestricted. This ship was sunk because it ignored warnings from British Admiralty to avoid the upcoming area from enemy attack.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Lusitania-British-ship -
National Defense Act of 1916
1916: The National Defense Act was passed on June 3. This act updated the Militia Act of 1903, which related to organization of a military, such as the National Guard. It expanded the army and National Guard. The creation of Officers and Enlisted Reserve Corps, And Reserve Officers Training Corps. It also gave the President authority to federalize the National Guard. And the Army created an Aviation army. And insured immediate availability of wartime weapons. -
National Defense Act of 1916 cont.
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1st Liberty Bond
First Liberty Loan. A liberty loan or liberty bond was a war bond that helped to fund war efforts. The first liberty loan raised 2 million dollars from 5.5 million purchasers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_bond#First_Liberty_Bond_Act -
War Industries Board
The responsibility of the War Industries Board was to manage and control prices, and set priorities of products to support the war effort of the US and its allies.
https://encyclopedia.1914-1918-online.net/article/war_industries_board -
Germany renews unrestricted submarine warfare
1917: Germany renews unrestricted submarine warfare because the U.S. enters the war. At this point, Germany has no advantages fighting with unrestricted warfare. Attacking enemy ships without warning is a powerful advantage for Germany U-boats. -
U.S. breaks diplomatic relations with Germany
US breaks diplomatic relations with Germany on February 3rd, 1917. The British intercepted the Zimmerman Note, sent by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German minister in Mexico. This note planned Germany to renew unrestricted warfare and proposed an alliance with Mexico if the US were to enter the war. It also provided help to Mexico in reconquering its territory in Texas. This obviously was a threat to the US.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Zimmermann-Telegram -
U.S. breaks diplomatic relations with Germany
US breaks diplomatic relations with Germany on February 3rd, 1917. The British intercepted the Zimmerman Note, sent by German foreign secretary Arthur Zimmerman to the German minister in Mexico. This note planned Germany to renew unrestricted warfare and proposed an alliance with Mexico if the US were to enter the war. It also provided help to Mexico in reconquering its territory in Texas. This obviously was a threat to the US.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Zimmermann-Telegram -
Sinking of the Housatonic, 1917
U.S.S Housatonic sunk on February 6. The German Sub commander said this before sinking the Housatonic:
“You are carrying foodstuffs to an enemy of my country, and though I am sorry, it is my duty to sink you.”
— German commander’s warning to Housatonic captain P.A. Ensor, February 1917
No passengers were killed because they exited the vessel before it was torpedoed, because the german commander allowed it. -
Sinking of the Housatonic, 1917 cont.
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U.S. declares war
U.S. declares war on April 2, 1917 after Germany violated its promise of suspending unrestricted warfare in the North Atlantic and Mediterranean. The voting resulted in 82 to 6 to declare war.
https://history.state.gov/milestones/1914-1920/wwi -
Selective Service Act
Selective Service Act is signed on May 18, 1917 by President Woodrow Wilson, which led to the induction of 2.8 million men ages 21 to 30. The draft eventually expanded to include healthy men aged 18 to 45.
https://www.britannica.com/topic/Selective-Service-Acts -
Lever Food and Fuel Control Act
Lever Food and Fuel Control Act is passed on August 10th, 1917. This act allowed the president to control the price, production and transportation of food and fuel in World War I. This supported the conservation and rationing of products in civilian families so that soldiers in the war had enough food.
https://www.encyclopedia.com/history/encyclopedias-almanacs-transcripts-and-maps/lever-food-control-act -
2nd Liberty Bond
Second Liberty Loan. The government used propaganda to sell bonds. For example, they created posters that would evoke strong feelings of nationalism or anger to increase bond sales.
http://www.american-historama.org/images/poster-wwi-bonds-beat-back-the-hun.jpg -
War Revenue Act
The War Revenue Act was passed on October 3, 1917. This act increased income taxes in order to raise more money for the war effort. By the end of World War I, income tax revenue had funded one-third of the war effort.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/war-revenue-act-passed-in-u-s -
Railroads are Nationalized
By December 26 of 1917, Woodrow Wilson nationalized most railroads under the Federal Possession and Control Act. Nationalizing an industry means “transforming private assets into public assets” under government ownership. President Wilson nationalized railroads to increase efficiency and reduce costs for transporting war goods.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Railway_nationalization#United_States -
Maximum prices for steel
Maximum prices for steel- Finished steel was priced at $3.54 per 100 pounds in 1918. https://library.cqpress.com/cqresearcher/document.php?id=cqresrre1938071800 -
4th Liberty Bond
Fourth Liberty Loan. Altogether, the US raised more than $17 million.
https://www.federalreservehistory.org/essays/liberty_bonds -
Battle of Belleau Wood cont. cont.
the Americans prevailed but at the cost of nearly 10,000 dead, wounded, or missing in action.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/battle-of-belleau-wood-begins -
3rd Liberty Bond
Third Liberty Loan. The average bond cost $170 in 1918.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty_bond -
Battle of Belleau Wood cont.
four German divisions positioned in the woods and by the end of the first day suffered more than 1,000 casualties. For the next three weeks, the Marines, backed by U.S. Army artillery, launched many attacks into the forested area, but German General Erich Ludendorff was determined to deny the Americans a victory. Ludendorff continually brought up reinforcements from the rear, and the Germans attacked the U.S. forces with machine guns, artillery, and gas. Finally, on June 26, -
Battle of Belleau Wood
The first large-scale battle fought by American soldiers in World War I begins in Belleau Wood, northwest of the Paris-to-Metz road. In late May 1918, the third German offensive of the year penetrated the Western Front to within 45 miles of Paris. U.S. forces under General John J. Pershing helped halt the German advance, and on June 6 Pershing ordered a counteroffensive to drive the Germans out of Belleau Wood. U.S. Marines under General James Harbord led the attack against the... -
Germans begin massive offensive on the western front
Germans begin massive offensive on the western front on March 21, 1918. The Germans were now focusing on the western front against the French and British because Russia had left the war. This massive offensive was meant to convince the Allies to negotiate for peace before more US troops could arrive to the front.
https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/germany-begins-major-offensive-on-the-western-front -
The first independent action of the American Expeditionary Force
The first independent action by the American Expeditionary Force was the Battle of Cantigny, won on May 28, 1918. This independent American Army was led by General John J. Pershing in Europe to help the Allies defeat Germany.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cantigny
http://www.americaslibrary.gov/jb/jazz/jb_jazz_pershing_1.html -
Second battle of the Marne cont.
culminated in the Armistice with Germany about 100 days later.
a US infantryman, especially one in World War I.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second_Battle_of_the_Marne -
Second battle of the Marne
Second battle of the Marne- what is a doughboy.
The Second Battle of the Marne (French: Seconde Bataille de la Marne), or Battle of Reims (15 July – 6 August 1918) was the last major German offensive on the Western Front during the First World War. The attack failed when an Allied counterattack, supported by several hundred tanks, overwhelmed the Germans on their right flank, inflicting severe casualties. The German defeat marked the start of the relentless Allied advance which -
The battle of Meuse-Argonne
The Battle of Meuse-Argonne started on September 26, 1918 and ended on November 11, 1918. This battle was located north of Verdun, a small city in France, and won by the AEF (American Expeditionary Force. This battle is significant because it is the battle that brought the end to World War I.
http://www.worldwar1.com/dbc/bigshow.htm -
Armistice day
President Wilson proclaimed the first Armistice day on November 11, 1919, later amended to Veteran’s day on June 1st 1954, to mark the signed armistice between Germany and the Allies at Compiègne, France. Declared on January 8, 1918, the 14 points were principles of peace to end World War I, and to prevent another war.
https://www.britannica.com/event/Fourteen-Points
