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The Germans wanted a warmer Climate and they decided to start to invade Rome. They also wanted a piece of Rome's wealth. The Germans fought the Romans for a long time and eventually, the western empire fell due to all the invasions.
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The Roman Empire split up into the West and Eastern (Byzantine) Empires. This was their solution to help their economic problems from the wars.
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The Romans were being invaded in their homeland so they retreated forces from England and brought them back home.
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The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern side of Rome. They retook over the western side of Rome from the Germans, which weakened them tremendously. Justinian, the leader of the Byzantine Empire was encouraged by his wife to give women better social standing.
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Muhammad was the leader and prophet of the Islam/Muslim religion
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The jihads were from 661 to 750. It was a holy struggle where the Islam people were trying to bring their religion to other countries. In addition, continues warfare between the Persian and Byzantine empires had weakened them and it was easier for the Arabs to attack
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Charlemagne was doing so well with his empire that the Roman pope decided that he should become emperor of Rome.
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There was a time when Vikings were constantly taking over or destroying them. They burned cities and were furious warriors.
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1050-1812. was a multi-ethnic complex of territories in Western and Central Europe that developed during the Early Middle Ages
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The Crusades were the battles arguing over who would rule Jerusalem. Two results of the Crusades is first, there were nobles selling their estates or allowed serfs freedom for money in order to buy weapons. Second, commerce increased in the eastern Mediterranean, especially benefitting Italian trading cities.
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It declined because of the Vikings destroying and taking over so much. It causes
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A system where nobles are in charge of estates and protect the peasant that work on the estates. It runs all together.
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Agriculture: a new plow was invented, which made it possible to cut through the soils and a new harness was invented, which made it faster to plow, by using horses instead of oxen. Trade and Commerce: the rebuilding of the roman road system helped trade and feudal lords charged the merchants fees, taxes on goods and offered protection to the merchants.
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Money Economy: banking and the idea of having money instead of a barter system helped money economy. Guilds: were essentially unions and wanted to be in full control of their market and they wanted to ensure the buyers didn't get scammed so they did this by setting rules. Other Technology: education became a higher priority and universities started to form in Europe. Also they made arches in buildings now, which allowed them to do many things. They could make the walls thiner, add stained glass
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He led the Mongols and took over a bunch of land.
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During the time of King Henry III, an increase in the growth of population encouraged the growth of towns. This caused a new class to form, the middle class.
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1350-1600. In 1434, Medici placed an income tax in Florence in order to end worker uprisings and bring a heaver burden on the wealthy. In 1456, the printing press was invented by the Germans.
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Slav was a region from Eastern Europe and western Russian.
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476-1500. The Middle Ages was the period between the western Roman Empire falling and the eastern Roman Empire falling.
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The Reformation is when they were trying to reform the church. Luther disagreed with what the Catholic Church was doing and made his own form called Lutheranism or Protestantism. An important thing is the Anabaptist moving around. They spread the idea of church and state being separate. Sant Bartholomew's Day Massacre killed over 3,000
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The belief that a country has more power when the country has more wealth. More exports and less imports.
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American colonists fought for freedom against the British. Two things that are important were the Boston Tea Party, which was the point where the colonists were starting to get fully irritated and another important event was when Congress finished and adopted the Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776.
