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The Renaissance began in Italy. It was an artistic and philosophical movement.
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Introduced printing to Europe with the printing press. Around 1439 or 1440.
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A group of circumstances stimulated men to seek new routes
The 3 G’s. God, Glory, Gold -
Regarded as the patron of Portuguese exploration. Born March 4, 1394 died November 13, 1460
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King of England from 1491 to 1547. Initiated the English Reformation. Separated the Church of England from Papal authority. Established the Church of England in 1534.
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First voyage in 1492. Initiated the permanent European colonization of the New World.
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Portuguese explorer, first to reach India by sea. May 20, 1498.
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Italian sculptor, painter, architect poet. Greatly influenced the development of Western art. Sculpted David. David was started and 1501 and finished in 1504.
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Epitomized the Renaissance humanist ideal. Considered one of the greatest painters of all time. Created the Mona Lisa.
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Humanist who was the greatest scholar of the northern Renaissance. Wrote Praise of Folly
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Heliocentric planetary system. Around 1514, he shared his findings in the Commentariolus.
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1517, nailed his 95 theses to the church’s door.
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Started in 1517 with Martin Luther nailing his 95 theses to the church door, he had problems and criticism with indulgences. Questioning and reforming of the church.
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Spanish Conquistador. Caused the fall of the Aztec empire. Began the first phase of the Spanish colonization of the Americas. August 13, 1521, was victorious in defeating the Aztec empire.
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First circumnavigation of the Earth, 1522. Finished by his crew.
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Spanish conquistador. Conquered the Inca Empire.
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Made 3 voyages along the St. Lawrence river. Set sail in April 1534. Third voyage in August of 1541
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Spanish Basque priest and theologian. Founded the Jesuits.
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Causes of the Sci. Rev., new Experiments, new observations, curiosity, questioning ancient beliefs, new scientific instruments, new math.
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Last monarch of the House of Tudor. Established the English Protestant Church. Defeated the Spanish armada in 1588. Ruled from Nov. 1558 until March 1603.
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Second circumnavigation of the globe. From 1577 to 1580. First to complete the voyage as captain through the entire trip. Awarded knighthood in 1581. Second in command with england in the battle of the spanish armada, which england won in 1588.
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Rulers in Europe were trying to claim P.O.W.E.R.
P - Power and authority came from God
O - Only God could hold them responsible
W - Were in charge of both church and state
E - European kings ruled by reason
R - Rulers called this the Divine Rights of Kings doctrine -
Key figure in the sci. Rev. Known for his laws on planetary motion. First published twice in 1609 and the third in 1619.
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Italian polymath. Most important discoveries were in the field of physics. First saw the moons of Jupiter on January 1610.
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Regarded as the greatest writer in the English language. Wrote many plays and sonnets. Some of the most famous were Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet. He wrote most of his plays between 1590 and 1613.
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Spanish writer widely regarded as the greatest writer in the spanish language. Wrote Don Quixote pub. 1615.
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A war during the Reformation that lasted 30 years.
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Theologian during the Protestant Reformation. Principal figure in the creation of Calvinism.
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March 1625 until his execution in 1649.
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In 1628 he published in Frankfurt his completed treatise on the circulation of the blood.
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Series of armed conflicts between Parliamentarians and Royalists over the English government.
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Louis the Great, the Sun King. King of France from 1643 until his death in 1715, had the longest reign from 1643 until 1715.
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English philosopher, scientist, and historian, best known for Leviathan, pub. 1651.
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Ruled after Charles I from 1653 until his death
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Restoration of the monarchy in 1660 until his death in 1685.
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1670s: Newton works on the mathematics of gravitation in his home in Cambridge.
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1682 until his death.
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An intellectual movement influenced by the rise of modern science and the religious conflict coming from the Reformation
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The replacement of James the second with William of Orange and Mary.
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Early in 1689, the English Parliament formally offered William and Mary the throne as joint monarchs, an event known as the 'Glorious Revolution'.
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English philosopher and physician, widely regarded as one of the most influential of Enlightenment thinkers and commonly known as the "Father of Liberalism". 2 treatises on gov. Dec. 1689.
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King of Prussia from 1740 until 1786.
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French political philosopher whose principal work, The Spirit of Laws, was a major contribution to political theory. Published in 1748.
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French philosopher and writer of the Age of Enlightenment. Social Contract theory published in 1762.
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Ruled from the 10th of May 1774 until the 4th of September 1791.
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A period of social and political upheaval in France.
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French philosopher and writer of the Age of Enlightenment. Candide - January 1795.
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French military leader and emperor who conquered much of Europe in the early 19th century.
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French Romantic artist. Leader of the French Romantic school. Became known as a leading figure of the French Romantic era of the 19th century.
