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1550
Middle Passage
The slave trade included millions of Africans and largely impacted African society. The colonists brought slaves from Africa since Native American slaves had too much knowledge of the land and thus continued to escape. In addition, the growing desire for more cash crops provided a motive for slavery. -
Puritanism
Anne Hutchinson started a section of Puritanism, but it did not become widespread. She later would help to establish Rhode Island. -
Stono's Rebellion
One of the first slave rebellions; slaves fled but were eventually caught and put to death. Instilled fear in colonists about slave uprising and thus led to harsher control over slaves. -
Daughters of Liberty
Aided in the Revolutionary cause, though they did not have as much of an impact on the Revolution as the Sons of Liberty. -
Three-Fifths Compromise
Compromise between the North and South surrounding the issue of counting slave population for representation in Congress. It was decided that the slave population would count for 3/5 of the actual number. -
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Did not permit slavery in certain portions of the US, and was the first document to do so. -
Republican Motherhood
Idea after the Revolutionary War that a woman's role was to educate their son on the patriot cause. This reduced their role to the influence their son could have. However, it did give women a more important role than they had previously. -
Second Great Awakening
The Second Great Awakening included many women, namely Susan B. Anthony, who helped push for women's rights during the time. -
Separate Spheres (or Cult of Domesticity)
Belief that women's roles should be separate from men. This mean that women's place should be in the home while men should be in the work force, which results in separate spheres of influence between the two groups. -
Black Conversion to Christianity
During the Second Great Awakening, as the word of Christianity spread to many who had not yet heard it, many African Americans converted to certain denominations of Christianity from their previous African religions. This religion was expressed through much of the culture they kept, such as songs and dances which would express Christian ideals. -
Nat Turner's Revolt
One of the largest and most successful slave revolts in the Untied States. Nat Turner and the slaves with him killed many white men and led to a greater restriction in slavery laws. -
Frederick Douglass
Former slave who rivaled support for abolition by wiring about his experience in slavery and the atrocities that took place. -
Seneca Falls Convention
First Women's Rights convention, which convened to discuss the importance of the women's suffrage movement. These ideas wouldn't come into fruition for over 30 years after the convention. -
Dred Scott Case
Established that Black people were not citizens and therefore did not have the power to sue. -
Ida B Wells
African American woman who founded organizations to help further the rights of African Americans during the time. Largely opposed lynching. -
Emancipation Proclamation
Freed the slaves in rebellious states. Did not have much of an impact in emancipating slaves, but rather made the Civil War weigh more heavily on the implications of slavery rather than sectional tensions. Issued by Lincoln. -
Changes Post-Civil War
More educational opportunities for women were granted after the Civil War. Illustrating this change, 1 in 4 college graduates were women which presented a stark contrast in the previous times. -
13th, 14th, and 15th amendments
Passed after the Civil War and granted African Americans (men) the right to be free, be citizens, and vote, respectively. These amendments were not heavily enforced, however, until much later so they did not have much of an immediate impact on the treatment of Black Americans, namely in the South -
Black Codes
Mainly in the South, were state laws which impeded on the freedoms of newly free Black people. This led them to conditions which were not largely better than that of slavery. -
Sharecropping
Led to an unending debt for African Americans due to the system of debts which could not ever be repaid. Virtually had the same model as slavery. -
Klu Klux Klan
Created as a protest to African American rights, the organization supported white supremacy and nativism. The group often formed violent acts towards people who were not white or native born. -
National American Women's suffrage Association
Established by Susan B Anthony and Elizabeth Cad Stanton, this organization helped the eventual passing of the 19th Amendment. -
Booker T. Washington
Did not support the movement of Black people to the North; believed that they could establish themselves and find opportunities in the South. He called for more reform and rights for African Americans. -
NAACP
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People which sought to achieve equality for African Americans and other minority groups. This organization was founded by W.E.B DuBois. -
Women's International League for Peace and Freedom
Founded by Jane Addams, this organization promoted peace and wanted an end to the imperialist nature of the Untied States at the expense of others. . -
Flappers
The Flapper was a feminine style in the 1920s that grew much controversy because of how revealing it was compared to the previous styles. It marked a change in the way women were viewed and acted. -
19th Amendment
Granted women the right to vote. Came after many protests and movements for women's suffrage. -
The Great Migration
Large movement of African Americans to the North due to the harsh laws and discrimination of the South. Though Black Americans still faced discrimination in the North, it was not legal or as normalized as that of the South. -
The Harlem Renaissance
Originated in Harlem, New York in the 1920s this movement supported Black artists in a variety of measures as new art forms came into fruition. Some examples are Jazz, writing, and visual art. This movement included people such as Langston Hughes, Josephine Baker, and more. -
Rosie the Riveter
As men were drafted and had to leave for war during WWII, many women began to fill in for men's jobs. Though this change was not permanent and afterwards men largely gained their roles back, it represented women's strength and capability to take on these roles. It also created a larger desire in many women to protest for these rights permanently. -
Morgan vs. Virginia
Irene Morgan was arrested for riding a bus in Virginia and not giving up her seat for a white person. The NAACP attempted to prosecute the state while they defended their decision. After the case being heard by the Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals and the US Supreme Court, it was established that the State laws used to prosecute her were unconstitutional. -
Conformity of 1950's
After WWII ended, the 1950's marked a period in which women returned to their traditional roles. -
Brown vs. Board of Education
Cases that were brought up simultaneously from Kansas, South Carolina, Virginia, Delaware, and Washington D.C. Due to their similarity, they were tried at the same time. The cases were argued by the NAACP and used a comparison of asking children to identify which doll was ‘bad’: a black or a white doll. The conclusion of this case was that separate but equal schooling proved to be ineffective and harming African American children. -
Southern Manifesto
Document proposed by 19 Senators and 82 members of the House that opposed the case Brown vs. Board of Education, as they believed that the judges exercised too many rights and that the laws they attempted to pass through the case (the de segregation of schools) were unconstitutional. -
Murder of Emmett Till
Emmett Till was a 14-year-old African American boy who whistled at a white woman and was later killed for this offense due to his race. For his case, an all white jury was selected and though they would later admit to the crime, they were found to be not guilty by the jury. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
Rosa Parks, an African American woman, refused to give her seat up for a white person on a bus that was segregated, though African Americans were forced to give up their seats for white passengers. Parks helped the NAACP strategize and create a bus boycott after her arrest. The success of this boycott led to the Supreme Court’s decision that segregation on busses was unconstitutional. The situation also established Martin Luther King Jr. as a leader and Civil Rights Activist. -
Little Rock Central High School Integration
As a federal judge ordered schools in the city to desegregate, the superintendent in Little Rock planed just one school to open up. In this school, nine African American teenagers were integrated and faced large opposition by not only the citizens of Little Rock, but also their own classmates. At the time of their entrance into the school, a mop would surround them who said and performed crude acts. President Eisenhower sent federal troops to complete this integration. -
Second Wave of Feminism
The second wave of feminism influenced ideas such as equal pay, equal employment, and more freedom in marriage. It was able to accomplish many of these tasks throughout the 1960's and 1970's. -
Freedom Rides
After the Supreme Court ruled segregation in busses to be unconstitutional, Freedom Riders would test public transport systems in the South to see whether or not they were following the orders. In May of 1961, a white mob in Washington D.C. attacked a group of Freedom Riders. In another instance, Freedom Riders were arrested in Jackson, Mississippi after marshals had been sent to make sure that the busses were allowing their passage. -
Equal Pay Act of 1963
Made it illegal for companies to pay women and men different wages for the same job. This was a major step in the equality movement. -
Civil Rights Act
Outlawed discrimination of all kinds. Passed by LBJ after Kennedy's assassination and the large outcry for this change to occur. -
Title IX
Allowed everyone to gain a fair education, funded by the government. -
Roe v Wade
Guaranteed a woman's right for an abortion. This case was largely debated and remains controversial.