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Kepler- planets don't rotate in perfect circles
Brahe- no crystalline spheres -
Earth revolves around Sun
questioning God's existence -
henry 4th, kibng of france
tolerates protestants in france -
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Calvinists
State General + Stadtholders
very stable -
catholics vs. protestant warfare, warfare shifts to central eastern Europe
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common people rebellion
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Cartesian thought
questioning everything
philosophs -
king of france
used absolutism: god gives power to one person to rule
used to stabilize nation-states in Europe -
Gravity
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Rococo
-
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opera seria
- Julius Caesar (de capo arias)
Messiah (1742) -
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England
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England: 1780-1830
Europe: 1830-1900 -
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Phase 1 (1789-1792)- moderate political
Phase 2 (1792-1794)- radical/social -
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Jacobins
radical
SOCIAL CONTRACT -
Lieders
- strophic
- works by Goethe -
IMPERIALISM
-
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Proto-Romantic
motivic movements
sonata form -
Romantic
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GOYA
-
counter-Napoleon
created by Concert of Europe to restore monarchy
- Carlsbad Resolutions
- Principle of Intervention -
writes barber of seville
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The Holy Wain
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Nature in romanticism
- macabre/sad -> lifeless
message -> style -
ROMANTIC
- Raft of Medusa and Liberty Leading the People
- psychological portraiture -
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Nocture
military polonaise -
against Charles X
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CONSERVATISM
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Symphonie Fantastique
- big orchestra
- idee fixe
- Dies irae
- free fugue -
nostalgic
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Communist Manifesto
- Proletariat rising
- class antagonisms -
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leading revolution like Mancine w/ democracy and free speech
destroy two siciliys, good and bad -
RISORGIMIENTO; movmt for italian Unification
write Nebakanezzer- 1841
-covert nationalism
rigolletto- 1851
-la dona e mobile aria
AIDA; italy is free, sues canal-cairo -
realism
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Realism
genre painting -
realpolitik- italy
ask sNap II to help him if austrians invade, Cavour rovokes austrians
Nap III gets cold feet, scared of germans coming to Austrians aid -
art to express moral ideas
improve society -
dissonant in all songs
chromatism
endless melody -
afternoon of a faun
-
pentatonic and white-tone scales
Light imagery
vague imagery -
Social Darwinism
fitter will survive in society -
Origin of Species
natural selection
- random selection
≠ Christianity -
-
lower class gets displaced
bigger class division
more regularized arch.
hausmannization -
naked vs. nude
-
birth of venus
-
italy- 1870
germany- 1871
revolutions broke out, all got squashed -
Cavour
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Danish war
- danih take over place that is cons. german, get beat down
Austro-Prussian war
-Bismarck fights w/ austrians over who will take germany, have advantage over them bc the Austrians are farther away
creates North Germany (Prussians) + South Germany (austria)
Franco-Prussian war
-fighat/ provoke ustrians so they attack fisrt, franace invades and s. germans fight to protect homeland, then Bismarck will rule s. Germany -
NEW IMP.- drive and nat. fervor to go and conquer new places
indstrial rev- economics
"scramble for africa"- to help the primitive
white/ black mans burden
and asia, but harder to conquer bc of ---- -
en plein aire
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impressionism
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Impressionism
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impressionism
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keeps peace from 18971-WWI, Brings germany together thru militarism, then acts like metternich to keep peace
3 EMPERORS LEAGUE
GERMANY, RUSSIA, AUSTRO-HUNGARIAN -
Smetana (Bohemia)
Slavonic Dance No. 1 -
under Napoleon III
modernize Paris
easier to quash rebellions
- wider boulevards
- showcase France -
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impressionism
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post-imp
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la grande jatte
pointillism/ quintillism -
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bismarck and berlin premier
laid rules on how to actually conquer land, not for expansion purp.
no one listens -
superman, embraces irrationality
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post-imp
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pot-imp. still life, many persp.
-
scared of irrationalism, bt wants to understand it
id -
analytical
synthetic -
irrationalism, pulled from africn stuff
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dada
arp
dichirico -
german exp.
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prophet, pulled from african
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German expressionism
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cubism
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moonfleck and shxt
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emancipation of dissonance
rite of spring -
ives
cage
raushenberg
bitonality/ polytonality and polyrhythmic -
neoclassisism
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before 1914,
triple alliance, germany, austria-hungary, italy : all odnt like russia
wilhelm I dies Wilhelm II is king, fires bismarck -
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to make peace @ end of WWI,
inc. war guilt cluse + reparations -
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sheeler
demuth
lange
wood
hopper -
dream analysis
automatism
skewed reality
magritte -
pupil of shoenberg
5 pieces for orchestra
pointillism in music -
isp. by cubism, actually italian fururism
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DOUGLAS
van der zee
lawrence -
position to overthrow government
led by hitler
nazis also became popular -
symphonic jazz
gershwin -
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with nazi party
head is gerbil? -
-
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russian deg. art and music
volkish ideology -
DISPOSITION OF ENGLISH COUNTRIES
wimple appeasers like chamberlain tell hitler he can essentially take over -
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get involved bc. of bombonig of pearl harbor, werent inv. b4 bc were isolationists with france and britain, violation of non-req treaty,
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europe split down middle, cold war mentality
NATO north-atlantic treaty organization
1950-60- prosperity w/ rebuild of europe- welfare state
1970- nixon expands war, economy: stagnation + stagflation
1900s- mrgaret thatcher + Ronald reagan -
BERLIN WALL
iron curtain- winston churchill
us vs ussr
truman odctrine + marshall plan -
reaction to wwii
"raw energy"
pshycoanalysis
shirt of art central from europe to the Us
reflection of oneself instead of window
pollock, rothko,newman -
rauschenberg
readymades
lichtenstein
warhol -
reaction to pop art
takes away artists hand altogether
carl andre
donald judd -
-
reaction to modernist art
smithson
walter de maria
beuys
chris burden
yoko ono
conceptual: kosuth, three chairs -
berlin wall was symbol of divide