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Period: 1000 BCE to Jan 1, 1500
Oceanic Art
Oceanic art or Oceanian art comprises the creative works made by the native peoples of the Pacific Islands and Australia, including areas as far apart as Hawaii and Easter Island. -
Period: 400 BCE to Jan 1, 800
Buddhism in art
Religion began with the death of the Buddha in 527 BC (AKA Gautama Buddha, Siddhārtha Gautama, Shakyamuni Buddha)
Near Himalayan foothills
Many other religions were inspired by Buddhism, such as Daoism and Confucianism, even Islam and Christianity. These religions stress harmony with nature, living ethically, and the cyclical nature of life
The silk road was key in spreading the beliefs of Buddhism -
300 BCE
Great stupa
Shrine, mound shaped, dressed stone (originally white)
Chattra spire- 3 umbrellas represent Buddha’s law
Harmika- symbolizing the sacred tree
Double staircase/walkway for circumambulation
Circle imagery, dome, representation of heaven
Toronas-mark entrance at cardinal points. Richly carved scenes of architraves. Buddha is symbolized by the empty throne or a tree. Scenes may depicted placed the Buddha taught (horror vacui, high relief)
600 donors of all types -
221 BCE
Terracotta Army (Army of emperor Shi Huangdi)
Ascended to throne at 13 and immediately started his burial
1974- Revealed a great deal about ancient life
gardens and stables, bronze ritual vessels, jade jewelry, and a wealth of gold and silver ornaments
Great military leader known for his massacres and destruction
Assembly-line style production- huge kilns
obsession with immortality -
Period: 221 BCE to
Chinese and Korean
China is the only continuing civilization from the Neolithic times
Neolithic artwork is highly advanced and impressive in comparison to other civilizations
Mastery of pottery (Evidence from the mid third millennial - 2500 BCE)
China has a diverse population with varies cultural practices and languages
The country is currently the size of Europe and has similar cultural diversity -
180 BCE
Funeral Banner of Lady Dai
Excavated in 1972- tomb found with over 100 objects
Utensils, textiles and a sarcophagus
Draped over the coffin of Maquise of Dai
Probably carried in a funeral procession and then later laid over the top
Yin symbols to the left, yang to the right, center mixes the two symbols
Her figure is in the center awaiting to ascend to immortality in the realm of the red sun and silvery moon
First Chinese portrait -
400
Buddha from Bamiyam
Trading/religious center on the silk road
Two huge standing Buddhas (175ft, 115 ft)
Smaller Buddha is Sakyamuni, larger is vairocana, the universal Buddha
First colossal Buddha, carved
Niche around body- mandorla
circumambulation ritual
Originally ornamented, robe and hair- hellenisitic greek influence
Cave paintings with images of the Buddha, lead up to the Buddha's shoulders
Model for later statues in china -
439
Longmen Caves
Carved in situ, and relief
Worship, power struggles, enlightenment and suicide—the 2300 caves and niches filled with Buddhist art has witnessed it all
Carved along the bank of the Yi River
800, 000 people worked at this site
110,000 Buddhist statues
2,800 inscriptions on steles
60 stupas
Buddha appears as an alter -
Jan 1, 600
Gold and Jade Crown
At the time, Korea was divided into three regions, the most powerful being the Silla dynasty
Region was rich with gold, wealth and power,“city of gold”
Antler/tree shape symbolizes the life and the supernatural, maybe from shamanistic practices borrowed from Siberia
Interaction with Eurasia
Perhaps for burial chamber for ceremonial purposes- important in shamanism religion
Very light way, made of sheet gold, probably not actually worn- too fragile -
Jan 1, 641
Jowo Rinpoche
Earliest Buddhist temple in Tibet
Tibet temple found in 647, first unified Tibet
Jowo- lord, Khang-house
Lotus position, mudra, meditation
Statue thought to be blessed by the Buddha himself
Sakyumani as a young man, 12
Disappeared in 1960 during the “Chinese cultural revolution
Upper part restored in 2003- Beijing -
Jan 1, 734
Todai-Ji & Great Buddha
Known for its colossal seated Buddha Vairocana Buddha
Rebuilt several times
Seven external bays on façade (walking areas outside structure)
Influenced by Longmen (Chinese sculpture)
Largest wooden building in the world
Buddha is monumental casting. Largest in the world
Emperor Shomu embraced Buddhism and used it as a way to stabilize/unite the population at of time of economic crisis
mudra- right hand- do not fear
Left hand- welcome -
Period: Jan 1, 734 to
Japanese Art
Japanese Art left a very prominent impression upon art as we know it today. -
Jan 1, 750
Borobudur
Massive monument 504 life size Buddhas, 1460 narrative reliefs, 1,300 panels spanning 8,200 ft, 1,500 stupas (great stupa on top/enclosed)
Many images, with various meanings-cosmology
“the path”- circumambulation on each of the 6 terraces until devotee gradually ascends
Pyramidal form, aligned with 4 cardinals, geometry -
Jan 1, 750
Queen Maya Riding a Horse Carriage Retreating to Lumbini to Give Birth to Prince Siddhartha Guatama
Horror vacui
Resting/majestic face before giving birth
She is brought to the city for a great ceremony
Her son will some day become Buddha -
Jan 1, 800
Angkor Wat
Capital of the medieval Cambodia built by Suryavarman II- dedicated to vishnu and most sculpture focus on his incarnation
Each of the Khmer king built a temple mount at the location and installed their own personal Gods (Shiva, Vishnu, Buddha)
The kings were thought to be physical embodiments of the gods they dedicated their temples too.
What ancient culture does this best align with?
Deification -
Jan 1, 1000
Travelers among Mountains and Streams
Little in known about the artist because he isolated himself from the population- Daoism evolves into neo-Confucianism and incorporates aspects of buddhism
Unconventional person
This is the only known surviving work
Produced complex landscapes
Treated landscape painting as an elevated art form
Landscapes were even sacred or mythical- especially mountains -
Jan 1, 1000
Great Zimbabwe
Zimbabwe “house of stones”
Shona empire declined mysteriously in the 15th century
Differs from traditional mud brick structures which help with cooling
Region was a prosperous trading point stone complex was a
residence for the king
Walls 800 feet long 32 feet tall 17 feet thick at base -
Period: Jan 1, 1000 to
Hindu Art
Indian and Southeast Asian Art -
Jan 1, 1181
Todai-Ji Great South Gate
Main gate of Todai-Ji
Five bays for passing and two outer are closed
Two stories the same size, unusual is Japanese architecture
Deep eaves supported by 6 stepped bracket, rising in tiers
Roof supported by huge pillars -
Jan 1, 1200
The Moai of Rapa Nui
Easter Island is famous for its stone statues of human figures, known as moai (meaning “statue”). The island is known to its inhabitants as Rapa Nui. The moai were probably carved to commemorate important ancestors and were made from around 1000 C.E. until the second half of the seventeenth century. -
Period: Jan 1, 1200 to
African Art
Composed of many different pieces from many different tribes over the course of multiple centuries. -
Jan 1, 1250
Night Attack on the Sanjo Palace
Painted 100 years after the civil war depicted in the scene
otoko‐e – “men’s paintings,”
Elevated viewpoint
Designed to be unrolled in sections for close‐up viewing (read right to left)
As the scroll unrolls it seems as if time passes
Main character appears several times (the warrior) -
Jan 1, 1351
The David Vases
Yuan Dynasty
Blue and white porcelain most likely inspired by Iranian techniques- cross cultural
Made for the alter of a Daoist temples, along with an incense burner that was not found
Typical alter piece set
Dedication of the side of the neck
Believed to be the earliest known blue and white porcelain
Vases modeled after bronzes
Elephant head shaped handles, neck and foot leaves and flowers
Central section: Chinese dragons with traditional long bodies and beards, dragons -
Jan 1, 1400
Forbidden City
Largest architectural complex in Chinese existence
9,000 rooms
Like a “golden cage”, very high wall that would keep people out but also keep people in
-only the royal court could enter, hence the name
Center is the Hall of Supreme Harmony -------→
Contains the throne room
Structures made of wood, easily burned
Had protective dragons and other creatures in the corners of the roof -
Jan 1, 1417
Portrait of Sin Sukju
Korean prime minister and soldier, great scholar
Portrait made with he was a second grade civil officer
Insignia cloud and wild goose/peacock- official robe and black silk hat- the badge will often indicate the rank of a public official
Korean portraits emphasizes the contribution of the individual to his country- loyalty (these are values of Confucianism)
Portraits often portray court in full length, often with head slightly turned -
Jan 1, 1450
Machu Picchu
Known as an estate for incan Emperors, much is known about Macchu Picchu's construction. -
Period: Jan 1, 1450 to Jan 1, 1550
Art in the Americas
Art within the Americans before the arrival of Europeans. -
Jan 1, 1480
Ryoan-ji
Zen dry garden:
-gravel mimics water, raked like waves
-rocks like mountain range, fifteen rocks arranges in three groups
-like islands in a sea, or mountain peaks above clouds, or constellations in the sky
-enclosed in a yellow wall
-from no viewpoint is the entire garden visible
-asymmetrical -
Period: to
Baroque
Irregularly shaped or odd. It describes the departure from the Italian renaissance -
Versailles Palace
21 years to complete, 700 rooms
Was a small hunting lodge remodeled
Center of the building Louis’ bedroom
All aspects radiate around the center similar to rays of the sun
“the sun king”- compared to Apollo
Political and economic ambitions- change in political climate
Interior- baroque influence, detailed -
Period: to
Rococo/Neoclassicism
The name derives from the word rocaille, meaning pebble or stone, and the Italian word barocco, meaning baroque. Motifs in rococo were thought to resemble small ornate shell. Rococo is often called
“late baroque” -
White and Red Plum Blossoms
Japanese Rinpa or Rimpa style named after artists is characterized through fans or folding screens. The style depicts basic forms/colors, and dramatic scenes in nature
Influenced by yamato-e style
Stream cuts rhythmically through the scene, swirls in paint surface indicated by water currents
White blossoms on the left, read-right
Tarashikomi techinique- dripping technique used to create streams and flowers -
The Tete a tete from Marriage a la mode
English satire- exposing corruption “head to head” or “face to face”
One of 6 paintings (later made into prints for mass production) that comment of the follies of arranged marriages and the impure actions that our occurring in the marriages of the aristocracy.
Don’t marry for money or to have a higher rank in society -
Period: to
Romanticism
“The French Revolution of 1789 and the European revolts of 1848 create a framework for romanticism, though these boundaries are not always entirely accurate when categorizing artwork” -
Liberty Leading the People
Revolution of 1830 against the new monarchy- king Charles X (restored after napoleon)
Liberty with French flag (tricolor) marches over the barricades to overthrow the government
Red white and blue repeat through composition (flag brought back in revolution)
Child- role of students in revolution
Middle class man with top hat
Lower class man next to him- they all stand united against monarchy -
Under the Wave off Kanagawa “The wave””
First time landscape is a major theme in Japanese prints
Last of a series of prints call “Thirty-Six Views of Mount Fuji”
Personification of nature, it seems the intent is to drowned figures in the boat
Mount Fuji= wave
Sacred mountain
Large areas of negative space in the sky -
Period: to
Late 19th Century
Works of Freud, Einstein, Marx, Darwin affect art and are spread throughout the world
Modern art includes realism, Impressionism, and Post-Impressionism
Artists work in groups and display in galleries
New mediums such as photography and lithograph change art
Architects used advancements in building to create new types of structures -
The Coiffure
Dry point and aquatint
Part of a series of ten prints
Women are her main subject matter at the time when women need men less- women asserting independence
Natural, un-staged pose, natural charm
Influence by Japanese art
Tenderness/softness in her work that is not seen in other impressionism work
Furniture mimics the curves of the body
Contrast between straight lines and curves in the composition
Pastel color scheme
Influence of the contour line to create 3D illusion -
Period: to
Early/Mid 20th Century
The rise of numerous movements in art, and the addition of multiple art techniques. -
Self-Portrait as a Soldier
Inspired by Fauvism
German artists in Dresden
Had a following, formed a group called “the bridge” aimed to create a bridge between modern art and traditional
Emphasized fauvism color juxtaposition
Unwilling volunteer driving artillery in WWI, rather than be drafted
Declared unfit for service Both this portrait and that of Edvard Munch's "The Scream" portray the limits of human anxiety in grand fashion, but are made because of different events, this one being war, and Edvard more personally. -
Chairman Mao En route to Anyuan
Based on oil paintings by Liu Chunhua
Painted during the cultural revolution of 1966-76 (high art was dismissed, art was destroyed, anti-bourgeois)
Social Realism style created during the 1950 for portraying leaders as everyday citizens. Propoganda shows the leaders with emotionally driven themes
Modeled after soviet art, moving away from traditional Chinese art such as hanging scrolls -
Period: to
Contemporary Art
Contemporary art is being made on a global scale and strive to move away from euro-American sources -
Pink Panther
Life size
Pennsylvania born artist living in NY
smiling, bare-breasted, sexy blond in a mint-green dress, looking to please the crowd
Part of a series titled banality (terms means cliché, unoriginal)
Kitsch- the opposite of progressive/post modern
Draws on pop culture of the 1960’s
(characters, b list celebs, and color choice)
Artificial idealization of the female form at a time when feminism was on the rise
Panther looks tender, sad, worried
Work may be a parody of male authority
