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A disease that spread quickely through Europe during this time period due to uncleanliness and close quarters with other people and animals. The disease was extremely deadly and killed anybody that contracted it. Within a couple of years it killed a third of the population.
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A cultural movement. It influenced literature, philosophy, art, music, politics, science, religion and several other aspects of life. Renaissance means a rebirth or revival. The renaissance was the revival of art and literature under the influence of classical models during 14th - 16th centuries.
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Early 1400s. Linear perspective is a depth cue that is related to both relative size and the next depth cue, texture gradient. Parallel lines that go further into the distnace appear to get closer together or converge.
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1428-1429. This was a turning point in the Hundred Years War between France and England. This was Joan of Arc's first major military victory. For half a year the english appeared to be winning however the siege collapsed nine days after Joan's arrival.
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Gutenberg was a goldsmith. He made the printing press by adapting existing technologies and making his own. The printing press displaced earlier methods for printing and led to the first mass production of books.
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He was the first of the Medici political dynasty. He represented the Medici bank, managed the papacy's finances and became the wealthiest man of his time. Even though he never held office he controlled Florence with his wealth. Cosimo was an important patron of Renaisance art.
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The Spanish Inquisition was a tribunal. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms. It became the most substantive of the three different manifestations of the wider Christian Inquisition.
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Botticelli was commisioned to paint the Birth of Venus by Lorenzo de Medici. It is a painting of the goddess Venus.
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He was not the first European to reach the America's. However his voyage led to the first lasting European contact with the America's.
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Ca. The painting was commisioned as part of a scheme of renovations to the church and it's convent buildings. The painting represents the scene of The Last Supper of Jesus with his disciples. Leonardo has depicted the consternation that occurred among the Twelve Disciples when Jesus announced that one of them would betray him.
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The School of Athens is one of the most famous paintings by Raphael. The picture has long been seen as "Raphael's masterpiece and the perfect embodiment of the classical spirit of the High Renaissance."
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The painting took approximately 4 years to complete (1508-1512). Michelangelo was originally commissioned to paint the 12 Apostles against a starry sky, but lobbied for a different and more complex scheme, representing creation, the Downfall of Man and the Promise of Salvation through the prophets and Genealogy of Christ.
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This was Machiavelli's best known book. It concerns politics but concentrates on the possibility of a new prince.
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Utopia is a work of fiction and political philosophy. The book, written in Latin, is a frame narrative primarily depicting a fictional island society and its religious, social and political customs.
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Martin Luther was a German Augustinian friar. Luther's propositions challenged some portions of Roman Catholic doctrine and a number of specific practices.
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Henry VIII was excommunicated for several reasons including that he wanted to divorce his current wife and marry another woman whom he had already gotten pregnant.
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The Society of Jesus is a Christian male religious order of the Roman Catholic Church.
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Desiderius Erasmus was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian. He died suddenly from an attack of dysentery.
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The scientific revolution was the dawning of modern science during the early modern period, when developments in mathematics, physics, astronomy, biology, medicine, and chemistry transformed views of society and nature. Copernicus' publication of On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres is often cited as the beginning of the revolution.
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Philip II and his debt were responsible for the four seperate state bankruptcies in 1557, 1560, 1575, and 1596.
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She became queen at the age of 25. On the eve of her coronation ceremony she was welcomed wholeheartedly by the citizens and greeted by orations and pageants. Elizabeth was crowned and anointed by Owen Oglethorpe
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Ca. The European wars of religion were a series of wars waged in Europe from ca. 1524 to 1697. Although sometimes unconnected, all of these wars were strongly influenced by the religious change of the period, and the conflict and rivalry that it produced.
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The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre was a targeted group of assassinations, followed by a wave of Roman Catholic mob violence.
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Ivan's legacy is complex: he was an able diplomat, a patron of arts and trade, founder of the Russia's first Print Yard, but he is also remembered for his apparent paranoia and arguably harsh treatment of the nobility.
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Issued by Henry IV granted the Calvinist Protestants of France substantial rights in a nation still considered essentially Catholic. In the Edict, Henry aimed primarily to promote civil unity.
