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Increased Productivity- 1920's Economy
Henry Ford's system of the assembly line(1914) and Frederick W. Taylor's research on scientific management both helped to improve production -
Marcus Garvy- 1920's African American Identity
Garvey advocated for black nationalism and African American racial pride. He established an organization for black separatism and a back-to-Africa movement. -
Government Policies- 1920's Economy
Government laws and tariffs favored business and did nothing to enforce antitrust laws so businesses prospered -
Farmer Problems- 1920's Economy
During WWI farmers prospered by providing food for war but once it ended they were in debt and new technologies such as chemical fertilizer made farming easier for farmers which lead to overproduction and decline in prices for their goods -
Harlem Renaissance- 1920's African American Identity
The migration of African Americans to the North during and after WWI brought many to Harlem New York where concentration closed in on talented actors, musicians, and writers that were African American. Famous people during this time include Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes, and Bessie Smith. -
Modernism- Religion
Religion during the 1920's changed from traditional Protestant ways to Modernism and Fundamentalism. Modernism believed that they could accept Darwin's Theory of evolution and still keep faith in the bible, a mix of science and faith. -
Speakeasies- Prohibition
In response to the 18th amendment, speakeasies were created. Although it was against the law to drink many still did so and some even created secret bars were alcohol was consumed, these undercover bars were called Speakeasies. -
Fundamentalism- Religion
Fundamentalists heavily believed in the bible and took every word written as truth, they also believed in creationism and blamed modernists for the decline in morals -
Sinclair Lewis- 1920's Literature
Lewis is known for his works Main Street and Babbitt which showed the conformity of the middle class society during the 1920's -
Eugene O'Neill- 1920's Literature
O'Neill was a famous playwright who was the first to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, some of his famous works include Beyond the Horizon(1920), Anna Christie(1922), and Strange Interlude(1928). -
Consumerism- 1920's culture
Electricity in homes allowed Americans to buy consumer appliances such as the vacuum cleaners and washing machines. Americans were allowed to buy things on credit, later influencing the stock market crash, and chain stores were becoming bigger. -
Entertainment- 1920's Culture
Instead of newspapers as a way of communication, radios were invented. Radios gave news, sporting events, comedies, etc. Also, Hollywood became big with sound moving pictures. -
Gender Roles and Family- 1920's Culture
Luckily laborsaving devices such as the washing machine and vacuum cleaner were invented to help women at home. Women were working the same jobs such as store clerks but still had lower wages than men. Women's suffrage helped women with divorce laws. -
New Morals- 1920's Culture
Americans were starting to revolt against sexual taboos especially after the writings of Sigmund Freud who claimed sexual repression plays a role in mental illness. Inventions during the modern age such as movies and new dances influenced sexual promiscuity. Birth control and women's new flapper looks also occurred. -
Musicians- 1920's African American Identity
As the Harlem Renaissance prospered musicians became known during this era, specifically African American's. Two well known musicians include Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong. -
Writers- 1920's African American Identity
Famous African American poets and authors include Countee Collen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay. These writers wrote about their African American heritage through ranges of emotions from anger to joy. -
Jazz Age- 1920's African American Identity
Influential musicians during the 1920's lead to the Jazz Age. African American culture from the South inspired the Jazz Age in the North. -
Energy Technologies- 1920's Economy
Usage of oil and electricity increased. Oil was used to power factories and electricity helped influence consumerism. -
Labor Problems- 1920's Economy
Wages were raised for workers but union participation declined due to factories "open shop" and welfare capitalism which provided benefits so workers would not have to unionize. -
KKK- Immigration
The rise of nativism lead to the rise of the KKK in the 1920's. The KKK directed it's attention to not only African American's but Jewish people, Catholics, foreigners, and Communists. -
Automobile- 1920's consumerism
Automobiles replaced railroads but it helped other industries such as rubber and oil. Socially automobiles helped to carry Americans everywhere whether it was shopping, traveling, or dating. -
Warren G. Harding- 1920's Politics
After Wilson, Harding lead the Republican lead by reducing income tax, increase in tariff rates, and establishing the Bureau of Budget. Unfortunately under his presidency likeness for business lead to corruption. -
Quota Laws- Immigration
In response to immigration, Congress passed two acts that limited immigration by setting quota's based on nationality. These restricted Eastern and Southern European immigrants and Asian immigrants. Canadians and Latin Americans were exempt. -
T.S. Eliot
Eliot was an influential poet during the 1920's and is famous for his poem The Wasteland(1922) -
Calvin Coolidge- 1920's Politics
Known as "Silent Cal" he supported business and took a laissez faire approach -
Teapot Dome Scandal- 1920's Politics
Under Harding's presidency corruption within his members was caused due to the government's support of business. Harding's Secretary of the Interior Fall was bribed into granting oil leases to the Teapot Dome. -
F. Scott Fitzgerald- 1920's Literature
Famous for his popular novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald was an author during a time when literature was hypocritical of religion and had a business-oriented culture. The Great Gatsby focused on the American Dream. -
Ernest Hemingway- 1920's Literature
Hemingway is a well known author especially during the roaring twenties which is the time when he created brilliant works such as In Our Time(1925) and The Sun Also Rises(1926) -
Election of 1928- 1920's Politics
In the Election of 1928 Republican Hoover and Democratic Alfred E. Smith campaigned for presidency. Unfortunately due to Smith's religion, Roman Catholic, and his stance on keeping prohibition he lost. Religion was a major cause and this showed how discrimination affected politics. -
Causes of the Crash- Stock Market Crash
After WWI the rippling effect of depression reached America resulting in the stock market crash. Causes include uneven distribution of income, stock market speculation, too much credit, excess of consumer goods, and weak farm economy. -
Black Thursday and Black Tuesday- Stock Market Crash
Stocks were rapidly dropping in price and many Americans began to panic. Many sold their stocks and stocks lost more than $26 million in value. These two days bankers tried selling stocks but they fell through and ended up worsening the problem. -
Federal Farm Board- Herbert Hoover's Policies
In response to the devastating stock market crash Hoover signed laws and acts to help the affected. This board was designed to help farmers stabilize prices that were affected by the overproduction prices -
Herbert Hoover- 1920's Politics
Herbert won in a landslide because of his promise to extend "Coolidge Prosperity". Also, his opponent was Catholic which caused him to lose -
1930's "Okies"- Dust Bowl
Migrants from Oklahoma and the Plains traveled to California in search of jobs since their farms were dried out and dust. -
Hawley Smoot Tariff- Herbert Hoover's Policies
President Hoover signed this act which created the highest tariffs in American history. Unfortunately this did more bad than good because it resulted in other countries raising their tariffs. -
Emergency Banking Relief Act - New Deal Programs
As part of his financial part of the New Deal, Roosevelt had this act created so the government could evaluate banks during the bank holiday -
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation- New Deal Programs
The FDIC was created to guarantee individual bank deposits up to $5,000 -
Home Owners Loan Corporation- New Deal Programs
The HOLC provided refinancing of small homes to prevent foreclosures -
Farm Credit Administration- New Deal Programs
This provided low-interest farm loans and mortgages to stop foreclosures on farmers in debt -
Federal Emergency Relief Administration- New Deal Programs
The FERA gave money to state and local governments who offered soup kitchens or other relief for the jobless. -
Public Works Administration- New Deal Programs
The PWA gave money to state and local governments for building public works such as parks -
Civilian Conservation Corps- New Deal Programs
The CCC hired young men to work on federal lands and in return the families would receive a small monthly sum -
Tennessee Valley Authority- New Deal Programs
The TVA was an experiment in regional development and public planning where the poorest regions hired people to build damns, work for electric companies, and manufacture fertilizer. -
National Recovery Administration- New Deal Programs
The NRA helped businesses with wages and hours and allowed workers to organize and bargain collectively -
Agricultural Adjustment Administration- New Deal Programs
The AAA encouraged farmers to produce less and paid government subsidies for every acre plowed -
Civil Works Administration- New Deal Programs
The CWA added to the Public Works Administration by hiring laborers for temporary projects sponsored by the federal government -
Repeal of the 18th Amendment- Prohibition
Since the 18th Amendment was so unpopular and because of the undercover drinking, people were eager to have this amendment removed. Under the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt the 21st amendment was created which repealed the 18th amendment. -
Bank Holiday- New Deal Program
As banks continued to fail during the depression, Roosevelt ordered a bank holiday were banks would close and be evaluated to see if they were sound enough for the public. Roosevelt decided to manage the banks first before he completed his New Deal program -
Rural Electrification Administration- New Deal Programs
The REA provided loans for electrical companies to supply power in rural areas -
Grapes of Wrath- Dust Bowl
A novel made by John Steinbeck that portrayed life in the West when the Dust Bowl affected many people and were forced to move out to California
