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Henry Ford's system of the assembly line(1914) and Frederick W. Taylor's research on scientific management both helped to improve production
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Garvey advocated for black nationalism and African American racial pride. He established an organization for black separatism and a back-to-Africa movement.
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Government laws and tariffs favored business and did nothing to enforce antitrust laws so businesses prospered
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During WWI farmers prospered by providing food for war but once it ended they were in debt and new technologies such as chemical fertilizer made farming easier for farmers which lead to overproduction and decline in prices for their goods
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The migration of African Americans to the North during and after WWI brought many to Harlem New York where concentration closed in on talented actors, musicians, and writers that were African American. Famous people during this time include Duke Ellington, Langston Hughes, and Bessie Smith.
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Religion during the 1920's changed from traditional Protestant ways to Modernism and Fundamentalism. Modernism believed that they could accept Darwin's Theory of evolution and still keep faith in the bible, a mix of science and faith.
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In response to the 18th amendment, speakeasies were created. Although it was against the law to drink many still did so and some even created secret bars were alcohol was consumed, these undercover bars were called Speakeasies.
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Fundamentalists heavily believed in the bible and took every word written as truth, they also believed in creationism and blamed modernists for the decline in morals
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Lewis is known for his works Main Street and Babbitt which showed the conformity of the middle class society during the 1920's
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O'Neill was a famous playwright who was the first to win the Nobel Prize for Literature, some of his famous works include Beyond the Horizon(1920), Anna Christie(1922), and Strange Interlude(1928).
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Electricity in homes allowed Americans to buy consumer appliances such as the vacuum cleaners and washing machines. Americans were allowed to buy things on credit, later influencing the stock market crash, and chain stores were becoming bigger.
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Instead of newspapers as a way of communication, radios were invented. Radios gave news, sporting events, comedies, etc. Also, Hollywood became big with sound moving pictures.
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Luckily laborsaving devices such as the washing machine and vacuum cleaner were invented to help women at home. Women were working the same jobs such as store clerks but still had lower wages than men. Women's suffrage helped women with divorce laws.
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Americans were starting to revolt against sexual taboos especially after the writings of Sigmund Freud who claimed sexual repression plays a role in mental illness. Inventions during the modern age such as movies and new dances influenced sexual promiscuity. Birth control and women's new flapper looks also occurred.
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As the Harlem Renaissance prospered musicians became known during this era, specifically African American's. Two well known musicians include Duke Ellington and Louis Armstrong.
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Famous African American poets and authors include Countee Collen, Langston Hughes, and Claude McKay. These writers wrote about their African American heritage through ranges of emotions from anger to joy.
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Influential musicians during the 1920's lead to the Jazz Age. African American culture from the South inspired the Jazz Age in the North.
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Usage of oil and electricity increased. Oil was used to power factories and electricity helped influence consumerism.
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Wages were raised for workers but union participation declined due to factories "open shop" and welfare capitalism which provided benefits so workers would not have to unionize.
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The rise of nativism lead to the rise of the KKK in the 1920's. The KKK directed it's attention to not only African American's but Jewish people, Catholics, foreigners, and Communists.
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Automobiles replaced railroads but it helped other industries such as rubber and oil. Socially automobiles helped to carry Americans everywhere whether it was shopping, traveling, or dating.
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After Wilson, Harding lead the Republican lead by reducing income tax, increase in tariff rates, and establishing the Bureau of Budget. Unfortunately under his presidency likeness for business lead to corruption.
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In response to immigration, Congress passed two acts that limited immigration by setting quota's based on nationality. These restricted Eastern and Southern European immigrants and Asian immigrants. Canadians and Latin Americans were exempt.
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Eliot was an influential poet during the 1920's and is famous for his poem The Wasteland(1922)
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Known as "Silent Cal" he supported business and took a laissez faire approach
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Under Harding's presidency corruption within his members was caused due to the government's support of business. Harding's Secretary of the Interior Fall was bribed into granting oil leases to the Teapot Dome.
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Famous for his popular novel, The Great Gatsby, Fitzgerald was an author during a time when literature was hypocritical of religion and had a business-oriented culture. The Great Gatsby focused on the American Dream.
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Hemingway is a well known author especially during the roaring twenties which is the time when he created brilliant works such as In Our Time(1925) and The Sun Also Rises(1926)
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In the Election of 1928 Republican Hoover and Democratic Alfred E. Smith campaigned for presidency. Unfortunately due to Smith's religion, Roman Catholic, and his stance on keeping prohibition he lost. Religion was a major cause and this showed how discrimination affected politics.
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After WWI the rippling effect of depression reached America resulting in the stock market crash. Causes include uneven distribution of income, stock market speculation, too much credit, excess of consumer goods, and weak farm economy.
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Stocks were rapidly dropping in price and many Americans began to panic. Many sold their stocks and stocks lost more than $26 million in value. These two days bankers tried selling stocks but they fell through and ended up worsening the problem.
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In response to the devastating stock market crash Hoover signed laws and acts to help the affected. This board was designed to help farmers stabilize prices that were affected by the overproduction prices
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Herbert won in a landslide because of his promise to extend "Coolidge Prosperity". Also, his opponent was Catholic which caused him to lose
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Migrants from Oklahoma and the Plains traveled to California in search of jobs since their farms were dried out and dust.
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President Hoover signed this act which created the highest tariffs in American history. Unfortunately this did more bad than good because it resulted in other countries raising their tariffs.
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As part of his financial part of the New Deal, Roosevelt had this act created so the government could evaluate banks during the bank holiday
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The FDIC was created to guarantee individual bank deposits up to $5,000
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The HOLC provided refinancing of small homes to prevent foreclosures
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This provided low-interest farm loans and mortgages to stop foreclosures on farmers in debt
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The FERA gave money to state and local governments who offered soup kitchens or other relief for the jobless.
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The PWA gave money to state and local governments for building public works such as parks
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The CCC hired young men to work on federal lands and in return the families would receive a small monthly sum
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The TVA was an experiment in regional development and public planning where the poorest regions hired people to build damns, work for electric companies, and manufacture fertilizer.
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The NRA helped businesses with wages and hours and allowed workers to organize and bargain collectively
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The AAA encouraged farmers to produce less and paid government subsidies for every acre plowed
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The CWA added to the Public Works Administration by hiring laborers for temporary projects sponsored by the federal government
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Since the 18th Amendment was so unpopular and because of the undercover drinking, people were eager to have this amendment removed. Under the presidency of Franklin Roosevelt the 21st amendment was created which repealed the 18th amendment.
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As banks continued to fail during the depression, Roosevelt ordered a bank holiday were banks would close and be evaluated to see if they were sound enough for the public. Roosevelt decided to manage the banks first before he completed his New Deal program
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The REA provided loans for electrical companies to supply power in rural areas
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A novel made by John Steinbeck that portrayed life in the West when the Dust Bowl affected many people and were forced to move out to California
