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Dust Bowl- The Grapes of Wrath
The story follows the fortunes of a poor family as they travel from the Dust Bowl region to California. based on the great depression written by John Steinbeck. -
1920's Culture- Model T
Ford car; used the assembly line; massed produced, more available to the average person. -
1920's Culture- Sports
Large crowds gathered to watch sporting events for the first time (baseball, boxing, golf, etc.) -
1920's African American Identity- United Negro Improvement Association
Founded by Marcus Garvey to promote resettlement of American blacks in African homeland; sponsored stores and business to make money, but many efforts failed financially; helped to inspire blacks to gain self-confidence and self-reliance -
1920's African American Identity- Marcus Garvey
head of the Universal Negro Improvement Association; urged black economic cooperation and founded a chain of UNIA grocery stores and other business. -
1920's Literature- T.S. Elliot
Poet, dramatist, literary critic, editor. Modernism
"the love song of j. alfred prufrock".nobel prize in literature in 1948 -
1920's Politics- Margaret Sanger
An advocate of birth control that led to a growing acceptance of its use in the 1920s. -
1920's Politics Red Scare
The American public was scared that communism would come into the US. Left-winged supporters were suspected. This fear of communism helped businessman who used it to stop labor strikes. -
Prohibition- Volstead Act
implemented the 18th Amendment. It established illegal alcohol at above .5%. -
1920's Politics-Prohibition
the prevention by law of the manufacture and sale of alcohol between 1920 and 1933 -
1920's Culture- Radio
large networks were developed that helped broadcast radio programs to multiple stations -
Prohibition- Speakeasy
Illegal liquor store or bar -
1920's Politics- 19th Amendment
gave women the right to vote, but little changed for them politically or economically; even though they could vote, many didn't -
1920's Economy- Farm Economy
not very prosperous to begin with; prices for crops kept going down, but living and working costs for farmers remained the same; many went into debt -
Religion- Fundamentalism
A branch of Protestantism that came out of the split that occurred in the 1920s. Preachers condemned the modernists and taught that the Bible must be read literally. -
1920's Literature- Theodore Dreiser
American novelist and journalist. Naturalist. Main characters who succeeded at their objectives despite a lack of firm moral code. Literary situations that more closely resemble studies of nature than tales of choice and agency. -
1920's African American Identity- Harlem Renaissance
Harlem was largest African-American community in America, located in NYC; close community led to development of cultural center for actors, writers, poets, artists, musicians; promoted sense of unity and belonging among African-American community, helping to acclimate; included Langston Hughes, Louis Armstrong -
1920s Immigration- Restriction Acts
Created to favor old immigrants over new immigrants; based the number of immigrants let into the country on number of people from that area already in the US; 1921 let in 3% based on a later census; 1924 let in 2% based on an earlier census -
Immigration- Socco/ Vanzetti Case
Italian immigrants convicted of murder without solid evidence, mostly because they were anarchists. -
1920's Economy- Andrew Mellon
secretary of the treasury, created large tax cuts for the wealthy; promoted wealthy inequality -
1920's African American Identity- Josephine Baker
Began in vaudeville as comedian, went to paris and took Charleston and black bottom with her, African American, more successful in Paris. African-American actress, singer, opera performer, first black women to star in major motion picture. -
1920's Politics- Teapot Dome Scandal
bribery incident while Harding was president -
1920's Economy- Fordney-McCumber Tariff Act of 1922
An act passed during the conservative Harding administration that increased tariff rates, especially on imported agricultural goods. It helped weaken the world economy and was a factor in causing the Great Depression. -
1920's Literature- H.L. Mencken
was a patron to many young writers in the 1920's. "Bad Boy of Baltimore". He criticized many subjects like the middle class, democracy, marriage and patriotism in his monthly AMERICAN MERCURY. -
1920's Economy- Dawes Plan
A plan to revive the German economy, the United States loans Germany money which then can pay reparations to England and France, who can then pay back their loans from the U.S. This circular flow of money was a success. -
Religion- Scopes Trial
John Scopes was accused of purposely teaching evolution in a public school in Tennessee, which broke a state law; he was found guilty and fined -
1920's Literature- F. Scott Fitzgerald
Author who wrote The Great Gatsby and This Side of Paradise, both of which appealed to young readers. -
1920's Literature- Ernest Hemingway
Popularized the term "the lost generation". American author and journalist. Nobel prize in literature in 1954. 1st novel=the sun also rises. -
1920's African American Identity- Langston Hughes
Poet of Harlem Renaissance who wrote of struggles of African-Americans and discrminiation/segregation as well as of pride in balck identity; social activist who advocated black rights. -
1920's Culture- Talkies
movie with sound. marked the decline of silent films. -
1920's Culture- Movies
movie theaters were being created in many towns; many Americans frequently went to see movies; movie industry became big. -
1920's Economy- Bull Market
This term describes a situation in which the value of stocks is rising quickly. -
Stock Market Crash- Black Tuesday
The most devastating stock market crash in the history of the United States. The crash signaled the beginning of the 10-year Great Depression that affected all Western industrialized countries. -
Stock Market Crash
Overproduction (companies producing more good than were being purchased), Unemployment (companies laid off workers), Debt (people went into debt because they had no money to pay back loans), Speculation (buying on credit, assuming prices will go up & you'll make money), Banks lost money (they were invested in stock market), Farm prices dropped (after war, European countries planted crops - no longer needed our crops) -
Herbert Hoover's Policies- Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Raised rates on foreign products to 42%. Herbert Hoover supported higher tariff rates on agricultural and manufacturing imports like the Hawley-Smoot Tariff. a continuation of isolationism. -
Dust Bowl
Parts of Oklahoma, Kansas, Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas that were hit hard by dry topsoil and high winds that created blinding dust storms; this area of the Great Plains became called that because winds blew away crops and farms, and blew dust from Oklahoma to Albany, New York. Ruined farms and left many farmers with out crops and money. -
Herbert Hoover's Policies- Reconstruction Finance Corporation
This gave direct loans to institutions that were failing. Criticism at the time said that it was welfare for the rich. It would be a harbinger of policies to come under President Franklin D. Roosevelt but he too, at the time, criticized the measure. Hoover's hope was that money to institutions, like banks, would trickle down to the average working man and woman. -
New Deal Programs- Civilian Conservation Corps
Provided jobs for single males on conservation projects -
New Deal Programs- Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA)
Helped states to provide aid for the unemployed -
New Deal Programs- Civil Works Administration (CWA)
Provided work in federal jobs -
New Deal Programs- Emergency Banking Relief Act (EBRA)
Roosevelt declared a bank holiday and closed down all the banks to be inspected. Those that were considered stable could reopen while others that were in financial crisis would remained closed or they could obtained loans if necessary -
New Deal Programs- Glass-Steagall Act
Created the Federal Deposit Insurance Corportation (FDIC), which protected bank deposits up to $5,000, thus reassuring the Americans that their money were safe -
New Deal Programs- National Industrial Recovery Act (NIRA)
Provided money to states to create jobs; it was struck down by the Supreme Court as unconstitutional on the ground that it gave legislative powers to the executive branch and that the enforcement of industry codes within states went beyond the federal government's constitutional powers to regulate interstate commerce -
New Deal Programs- Federal Securities Act
Required corporations to provide complete information of all stock offerings and made them liable for misrepresentations -
New Deal Programs- Hundred Days
the special session of Congress that Roosevelt called to launch his New Deal programs. The special session lasted about three months: 100 days. , In 1933 Congress enacted more than a dozen measures which increased the level of federal involvement in the nation's economic life, these included the Civilian Conservation Corps, the Glass Stegal Act (FDIC), Agricultural Adjustment Act, Federal Emergency Relief Act, and the National Industrial Recovery Act. -
New Deal Programs- American Liberty League
a conservative anti-New Deal organization; members included Alfred Smith, John W. Davis, and the Du Pont family. It criticized the "dictatorial" policies of Roosevelt and what it perceived to be his attacks on the free enterprise system., organization founded in 1934 in opposition to the New Deal -
New Deal Programs- Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Supervised the stock market and eliminated dishonest practices -
New Deal Programs- Works Progress Administration (WPA)
Quickly created as many jobs as possible -
New Deal Programs- National Youth Administration (NYA)
Provided job training for unemployed young people and part-time jobs for needy students -
New Deal Programs- Public Works Administration (PWA)
Created jobs on government projects
