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Washington elected president
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Constitution formally put into effect
In 1789, the new U.S. Constitution was launched, and the population was doubling every 20 years. America’s population was still 90% rural, with 5% living west of the Appalachians. Vermont became the 14th state in 1791, and Kentucky, Tennessee, and Ohio (states where trans-Appalachian overflow was concentrated) became states soon after -
Judiciary Act of 1789
created effective federal courts. John Jay became the first Chief Justice of the United States -
French Revolution begins
However, the French Revolution greatly affected America. After the revolution turned radical and bloody, the Federalists rapidly changed opinions and looked nervously at the Jeffersonians, who felt that no revolution could be carried out without a little bloodshed. Still, neither group completely approved of the French Revolution and its antics. -
First Official census
was the first census conducted in the United States. It recorded the population of the United States as of Census Day, August 2, 1790, as mandated by Article I, Section 2 of the United States Constitution and applicable laws. -
Bill of Rights adopted
• Amendment I: Freedom of religion, speech or press, assembly, and petition.
• Amendment II: Right to bear arms (for militia).
• Amendment III: Soldiers can’t be housed in civilian homes during peacetime.
• Amendment IV: No unreasonable searches; all searches require warrants.•
Amendment V: Right to refuse to speak during a civil trial; No Double Jeopardy. -
Bank of United States created Excise tax passed
With the national debt, Hamilton was strangely unworried.
He used the debt as an asset -
Washington reelected president
The United States presidential election of 1792 was the 2nd quadrennial presidential election. -
Citizens Genet affair
enry Knox, Secretary of War under George Washington, sent a memorandum to the President advising him on how to deal with a situation involving captured British ships being brought into American ports, refitted as French ships, and partially manned by American citizens all under the orders of the French Ambassador Charles Genet. -
Neutrality Proclamation
In 1793, he issued the Neutrality Proclamation, proclaiming the U.S.’s official neutrality and warning Americans to stay out of the issue and be impartial. -
Louis XVI beheaded; radical phase of French Revolution
However, the French Revolution greatly affected America.
After the revolution turned radical and bloody, the Federalists rapidly changed opinions and looked nervously at the Jeffersonians, who felt that no revolution could be carried out without a little bloodshed. -
Jay's Treaty with Great Britain
In a last-ditch attempt to avert war, Washington sent John Jay to England to work something out.However, his negotiations were sabotaged by England-loving Hamilton, who secretly gave the Brits the details of America’s bargaining strategy.The results of the Jay Treaty with England weren’t pretty:•Britain would repay the lost money from recent merchant ship seizures called “impressment”, but it said nothing about future seizures or supplying Indians -
Whiskey Rebellion
Whiskey Rebellion flared up when fed-up farmers revolted against Hamilton’s excise tax.
Around those parts, liquor and alcohol was often used as money.
They said they’d been unfairly singled out to be taxed.
Washington cautiously sent an army of about 13,000 troops from various states to the revolt, but the soldiers found nothing upon arrival; the rebels had scattered. -
Pickney's Treaty with Spain
Bonaparte Napoleon secretly induced the king of Spain to cede the Louisiana territory to France -
The Treaty of Greenville
The Treaty of Greenville, in 1795, had the Indians cede their vast tract in the Ohio country to the Americans after General “Mad Anthony”Wayne crushed them at the -
Washington's Farewell Address
After his second term, Washington stepped down, creating a strong two-term precedent that wasn’t broken until FDR was president. -
XYZ Affair
The XYZ Affair was a diplomatic incident between French and United States diplomats that resulted in a limited, undeclared war known as the Quasi-War -
Alien and Sedition Acts
With the Alien Laws, Federalists therefore raised the residence requirements for aliens who wanted to become citizens from five to fourteen years, a law that violated the traditional American policy of open-door hospitality and speedy assimilation.The Sedition Act provided that anyone who impeded the policies of the government or falsely defamed its officials, including the president, would be liable to a heavy fine and imprisonment; it was aimed at newspap -
Convention of 1800: peace with France
The treaty in 1800, signed in Paris, ended the 1778 alliance in return for the Americans paying the claims of its shippers’ as alimony.In keeping the U.S. at peace, John Adams plunged his popularity and lost his chance at a possible second term, but he did the right thing, keeping the U.S. neutral while it was still weak. -
Jefferson defeats Adams for presidency
Jefferson won the election of 1800
73 electoral votes and got New York, While John Adams had 65 votes and more popular votes
• Thomas and Aaron Bur tied for presidency
The vote would go to a Federalist Dominated House of Representatives
Since they didn’t like Jefferson many of the people voted for Burr so the vote was deadlock until Hamilton and Adams(Federalist) refrained from voting.
• Jefferson was elected -
Judiciary Act of 1801
Judiciary Act: was one of the last important laws passed by the expiring Federal Congress and created 16 new federal judgeship and other judicial offices -
Lousiana Purchase
Lousiana Purchase
ames Monroe was sent to join Robert R. Livingston to purchase new Orleans and the land to the east of river- 10 million maximum -
Marbury v. Madison
Jefferson’s cousin and also served at Valley Forge. He was impressed with the disadvantages of no central authority therefore was committed to strengthen power of the government
William Marbury had been named a justice of the peace for DC but James Madison decided to shelve the position,Marbury sued for its delivery -
Jefferson reelected president
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Impeachment of Justice Chase
Jefferson tried to impeach, Samuel Chase, but when the vote got to the Senate, there weren’t enough votes and to this day, no attempt to modify the Supreme Court by impeachment -
Peace Treaty with Tripoli
Pirates of the North African Barbary States had long made a national industry of blackmailing and plundering merchant ship
The Pasha Tripoli indirectly declared war by cutting down the flagstaff of American consulate
He dispatched the infant navy to the shores ofTripoli for 4 years until he succeeded in a treaty of peace from Tripoli -
Chesapeake Affair
British force landed in Chesapeake Bay area in August 1814
Burned most of buildings in DC
Dispersed some 6000 panicky militia at Bladensburg -
Embargo Act
Jefferson did an embargo because he thought the onlyway to stay out of the war was to shut down shipping
The Embargo Act of late 1807
forbade the export of all goods fromthe United States to any foreign nation -
Non- Intercourse Act replaces embargo
The people were getting very and angry and the Congress decided to Congress repeal the act on March 1, 1809
Replaced by Non-IntercourseAct
Reopened trade with all the nations of the world, exceptFrance and England -
Macons Bill No.2
Macon’sBill No. 2,• Permitted American trade with all the world,also promised American restoration of trade to France and/or England ifeither dropped their commercial restrictions -
Supreme Court to invalidate laws
The opinion written by John Marshall held that the sale was a binding contract, which according to Article I, Section 10, Clause I (the Contract Clause) of the Constitution, cannot be invalidated even if illegally secured and as a result the ruling lends further protection to property rights against popular pressures and is the earliest case of the Court asserting its right to invalidate state laws which are in conflict with or are otherwise contrary -
Battle of Tippeecnoe
Tecumseh and Prophet: They decided to go against what was happening by gathering followers and telling them to wear their traditional buckskin garment and to not acknowledge that the white people owned the land
• William Henry Harrisonadvanced upon Tecumseh’s headquarters at Tippecanoe and killed Prophet -
Us declares war on Britain
America went into war with Britain because Britain’s force of American sailors stood out. They didn’t go into war with the French because they were allied with the republicans -
Madison relected president
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The Treaty of Ghent
British wanted a neutralized buffering state for Indian in the Great Lakes region control of the Great Lakes, and a substantial part of conquered Maine
John Quincy refused this because they had been victorious
The Treat of Ghent: signed on December 24, 1814 both sides simply agreed to stop fighting and to restore conquered territory. They didn’t talk about impressments -
Tariff of 1816, proposed by madison
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Dartmouth College vs. Woodward
Dartmouth College vs. Woodward (1819): Dartmouth had been granted a charter by King George III, but New Hampshire had tried to change it. -
McCulloch vs Maryland
McCulloch vs. Maryland (1819): This case involved Maryland’strying to destroy the Bank of the U.S. by taxing its currency notes. Marshall invoked the Hamiltonian principle of implied powers and denied Maryland’s right to tax the bank -
spain cedes Florida to US
The Florida Purchase Treaty of 1819 had Spain cede Florida and shadowy claims to Oregon in exchange for Texas. The U.S. paid $5 million to Spain for Florida. -
Missouri Compromise
Finally, the deadlock was broken by a bundle of compromises known as the Missouri Compromise. •Missouri would be admitted as a slave state while Maine would be admitted as a free state
All new states north of the 36°30’ line would be free, new states southward would be slave.
Both the North and South gained something, and though neither was totally happy, the compromise worked for many years. -
Cohens vs VA
Cohens vs. Virginia (1821): The Cohens had been found guilty by Virginia courts of illegally selling lottery tickets, had appealed to the Supreme Court, and had lost, but Marshall asserted the right of the Supreme Court to review the decisions of the state supreme courts in all questions involving powers of the federal government. The federal government won, the states lost. -
Quincy proposed Monroe Doctorine
Written by John Q. Adams, this doctrine stated that Europeans could not intervene in the Western Hemisphere in exchange, the U.S. would not interfere with existing European colonies and wars. If Europe intervened, the U.S. would interpret this as dangerous to U.S. national security and take appropriate action. -
Erie Canal
An artificial waterway extending about 579 km (360 mi) across central New York from Albany to Buffalo. Constructed from 1817 to 1825 and enlarged numerous times after 1835, it is now part of the New York State Barge Canal.