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Period: Jul 27, 1299 to
Ottoman Empire
Established by Turkish tribes under Osman Bey in 1299.
The Ottoman state becomes an empire after the conquest of Constantinople by Mehmed II in 1453. -
Period: Jan 1, 1340 to
Songhai Empire
The Songhai empire was relatively large. It became wealthy through trans-Saharan trade. It was ruled by a Muslim emperor and was invaded by Morocco. -
Period: Mar 4, 1394 to Nov 13, 1460
Prince Henry the Navigator
Prince Henry was on of the first to really develop maritime trade and European exploration between multiple continents. -
Period: Jan 1, 1444 to Sep 1, 1446
First Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
Mehmed ruled the Ottoman Empire from 1444 to September 1446, then again from February 1451 to 1481. He conquered Constantinople and brought an end to the Byzantine Empire. Mehmed is recognized as the first Sultan to codify criminal and constitutional law. -
Nov 2, 1444
Beginning of Portugese Slave Trade
The Portugese were the first to bring slaves traded to them from Africa to North and South America, also called the New World. -
Period: Feb 1, 1451 to Jan 1, 1481
Final Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror
(Refer to First Reign of Mehmed the Conqueror) -
Period: Jan 1, 1464 to Nov 1, 1492
Reign of Sunni Ali
Sunni Ali was the first king of the Songhai Empire. Unter his rule, they captured Timbuktu (1468) and Djenné (1475). -
Period: Jan 1, 1465 to Jun 1, 1520
Moctezuma II
Moctezuma was the last Aztec emporer and a great fighter who lost to the conquistadors in 1520 (because of smallpox and the Spanish alliance with Aztec tributary states). -
Period: Nov 10, 1483 to Feb 18, 1546
Martin Luther
Luther was a German monk and priest and major role in the Protestant Reformation. He taught that entrance to salvation was based solely on faith in God. -
Oct 10, 1487
Bartolomeu Dias' Voyage into the Indian Ocean
Dias goes from Portugal, around the Southern tip of Africa, to reach India and China. -
Aug 3, 1492
Columbus' First Voyage
The first voyage of Italian explorer Christopher Columbus resulted in what many Europeans consider to be the Discovery of the Americas. -
Period: Jan 1, 1493 to
Columbian Exchange
Columbian Exchange began after Columbus discovered the New World. It was the transport of people, animals, plants, and disease between the New World and the Old World. -
Period: Jan 1, 1493 to
Safavid Empire
The Safavid empire was an Iranian empire which used land grants to support its cavalry. The population spoke several languages. -
Period: Jul 10, 1509 to May 27, 1564
John Calvin
Clavin was a French pastor during the Protestant Reformation, a principal figure in the development of the system of Calvinism, and argued that entrance to Salvation was predestined by God and was not determined by faith. -
Period: Feb 1, 1519 to Aug 13, 1521
Conquest of Mexico
Cortés formed alliances with a number of the tributaries and rivals of the Aztecs, including the Totonacs, and the Tlaxcaltecas. Overran Aztecs, whose popuation had decreased due to the smallpox outbreak. -
Period: Sep 20, 1520 to Sep 5, 1566
Reign of Suleiman the Magnificent
Suleiman complety reconstructed the Ottoman legal system and personally led Ottoman armies to conquer the Christian areas of Belgrade, Rhodes, and most of Hungary. -
Period: Jan 1, 1526 to
Mughal Dynasty
Mughal= arabic for Mongol
The emperors were Muslims and direct descendants of Genghis Khan through Chagatai Khan and Timur. -
Jan 1, 1554
Council of Trent
Council that met in the city of Trent, Italy, thrice between 1545 and 1563. Separated proper Catholic doctrines from Protestant "errors." Pope's supremacy was re-affirmed. Each diocese required to have a residential bishop and training hull for priests. -
Period: Feb 1, 1556 to
Reign og Akbar the Great
He was 13 years old when he inherited the Mughal throne and was a descendant of Ghengis Khan. He significantly influenced culture in the empire. -
Period: Feb 15, 1564 to
Galileo Galilei
He was an intelligent Italian physicist, mathematician, and astronomer who played a major role in the Scientific Revolution. Galileo improved the telescope. -
Period: to
Thirty Years War
European countries search for power. Caused depopulation and economic decline in the Holy Roman Empire. -
Period: to
John Locke
He believed that the governemnt was supposed to protect the people's rights and that people were allowed to rebel if they didn't do so. He believed that rulers should be granted authority by the people and that rulers should be subject to law. -
Period: to
Qing Dynasty
Manchus family seizes China and forms the Qing dynasty. Advanced Chinese institutions and philosophy to higher level than Yuan Dynasty's. -
Period: to
Peter the Great
He was the tsar of Russia from May 7, 1682 until his death. Under his rule, Russia's isolation decreased and advanced the Russian empire's size. -
Period: to
England's glorious Revolution
The English replaced the king, James II, with his daughter Mary. Reforms: Parliament had to be arranged regularly. New taxes had to be approved by Parliament. Monarchs had to belong to the Anglican religion. -
Period: to
Tokugawa Shogunate
It was formed by Tokugawa Ieyasu and was ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. Known as the Edo period (named after capital city, Edo). -
Period: to
Russian Empire
The Russian empire extended from East Europe (across North Asia) into parts of North America. Russia is a higher power in Europe, has an exceptional army by 1750.