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Black Codes
In the United States, the Black Codes were laws passed by Southern states in 1865 and 1866, after the Civil War. -
Jim Crow Laws
were state and local laws enforcing racial segregation in the Southern United States. -
Plessy v. Ferguson
was a landmark United States Supreme Court decision upholding the constitutionality of state laws requiring racial segregation in public facilities -
Thurgood Marshall
Thurgood Marshall was an Associate Justice of the United States Supreme Court -
Orville Faubus
American politician who served as the Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967 -
Rosa Parks
United States civil rights leader who refused to give up her seat on a bus to a white man in Montgomery -
Hector P. Garcia
was a Mexican-American physician, surgeon, World War II veteran, civil rights advocate, and founder of the American G.I. Forum. -
Lester Madox
was an American politician who was the 75th Governor of the U.S. state of Georgia from 1967 to 1971. -
George Wallace
American politician and the 45th Governor of Alabama, having served two nonconsecutive terms and two consecutive terms as a Democrat. -
Cesar Chavez
American farm worker, labor leader and civil rights activist. -
Martin Luther King Jr.
An African-American clergyman and political leader of the twentieth century -
Civil Disobedince
the active, professed refusal to obey certain laws, demands, and commands of a government, or of an occupying international power. -
Nonviolent Protest
the practice of achieving goals through symbolic protests, civil disobedience, economic or political noncooperation, satyagraha, or other methods, without using violence. -
Brown v. Ferguson
The Court ruled that segregation in public schools is prohibited by the Constitution. -
Desegregation
is the process of ending the separation of two groups usually referring to races. -
Montgomery Bus Boycott
a seminal event in the U.S. Civil Rights Movement, was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system -
Sit-ins
The Greensboro sit-ins at a Woolworth's in Greensboro, North Carolina, on February 1, 1960, launched a wave of anti-segregation sit-ins across the South and opened a national awareness of the depth of segregation in the nation. -
sharecropping/tenant farming
Sharecropping is a system of agriculture in which a landowner allows a tenant to use the land in return for a share of the crops produced on their portion of land. -
lynching
especially by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial.