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Aristotles' teacher, Plato believed the mind is separable from the body and that it continues after death. However, Plato believed that knowledge is innate.
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He is the creator of empiricism: the theory of knowledge that states that knowledge comes only or primarily from sensory experience. Named after him, the Baconian method is the same as the scientific method, which he also created and used.
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Descartes believed some ideas are innate and that the mind is distinct from the body. This would mean the mind would survive after the body died.
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Locke argued in his "An Essay Concerning Human Understanding" that the human mind is a "blank slate" at birth. This helped form empiricism and the idea that we learnto percieve the world through our experiences.
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She was a large advocate for constructing mental hospitals that treated patients more humanely in the US and Canada.
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An English naturalist, Darwin came up with the theory of natural selection, which says that evolution gets rid of traits that don't do well in a particular environment. These traits are passed down from parents to offspring, so traits in behavior in humans is included in natural selection
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He established the first psychology laboratory at the University of Leipzig, Germany. His most famous study was performed here; he measured the time difference between hearing a sound and becoming aware of a sound
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James used Darwin's natural selection theory to explain that the nose smells and the brain thinks because these are traits that ensured our ancestors' survival.James taught Calkins at Harvard.
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One of the first psychologists to analyze adolescence, Hall believed the tension between biological maturity and social dependence creates a period of "storm and stress", meaning that some people would choose not to relive their teen years.
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Two of her major publications are "The Persitent Problems of Philosophy" and "The Good Man and The Good". Calkin's research on dreams was cited by Sigmund Freud when he did his works. Calkin's idea of slf-psycholgy explains that the self is an agent acting consciously and purposefully.
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He introduced structuralism and encouraged people to use introspection. Introspection was supposed to lead to knowledge about the strucural elements of the human mind, but it varied too much from person to person and wasn't reliable, so both ideas were discredited.
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The first woman to recieve a psychology Ph.D. Her greatest contribution was that of the animal mind, believing that animals did have a similar brain process as humans'.
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John B. Watson's assitant in the Little Albert experiment, in which they taught him to fear fuzzy objects with loud sounds. This means some emotions can be trained.
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Aristotle contradicted Plato by suggesting the heart is the seat of mental processes. He also denied the existence of innate ideas, or a universally known fact that is inborn in the human mind
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Socrates was Plato's teacher and agreed with Plato that ideas are innate and the mind is separate from the body.
