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English Bill of Rights
The English Bill of Rights was passed and granted free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment -
Judiciary Act of 1789
established a 3 tiered judicial structure. the district courts the circuit courts and the supreme courts. -
4th amendment
Protects against warrantless search in the absence of probable cause
Reasonable grounds based on a strong likelihood of finding evidence of or stopping a crime -
3rd Amendment
"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law." -
establishment clause
The government cannot take actions that create an official religion or support one religion over another -
free exercise clause
Each citizen is guaranteed the right to hold any religious beliefs they choose -
2nd amendment
"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." -
12 amendment created
allowed the president to choose whos the the vice president. -
gibbons vs Ogden
Right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ
Court said only Congress has the right to regulate commerce between states -
democratic-republican party split
Democratic-Republican party split into today’s two major parties—Democrats, Republicans
Third party: any political party in a two-party system besides the two major ones
Independent candidate: one not associated with any part -
earliest filibuster was used
the filibuster wasnt used until this date -
Seneca Falls Convention
first national woman's rights convention in the US
Called for equal rights in voting, education, and property -
Dred Scott v. Sanford (1857)
Dred Scott was an enslaved man sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen
Gave him no legal standing to sue -
13th amendment
was passed to protect African-Americans from discrimination.
Other Civil Rights Acts have attempted to continue policies of non-discrimination -
the 14th amendment was passed
established equal protection under the law. -
women granted the right to vote
Wyoming Territory was the first to grant women the right to vote -
14th amendment
Passed to protect African-Americans from discrimination.
Other Civil Rights Acts have attempted to continue policies of non-discrimination -
15th
Also passed to protect African-Americans from discrimination.
Other Civil Rights Acts have attempted to continue policies of non-discrimination -
Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882
Ended Chinese immigration to the US -
Plessy v. Ferguson
Court case held that state-mandated segregation laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
17 amendment passed
Direct election of Senators -
19th amendment created
gave women the right to vote -
United States v. Miller
Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons -
Minersville School District v. Gobitis
The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs) -
United States v. Darby (1941)
Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions -
Executive Order 9066
FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the West Coast to report to "War Relocation Centers" (internment camps) -
Korematsu v. United States
Supreme Court case that declared the internment camps to be legal during wartime -
West Virginia State Board of Education v. Barnette
The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs.
Freedom of Speech and of the Press -
national security council created
Brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration -
Period: to
civil rights movement
guarantee the civil rights of African-Americans -
22nd amendment created
gave presidential terms, U.S. President can serve up to 10 years or two 4-year terms. -
Hernandez v. Texas
decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. -
Brown v. Board (1954)
Ruled segregation was illegal
"Separate is inherently unequal" -
Civil Rights Act of 1960
Empowered the federal government to actively engage in voter registration in places where voting discrimination had been found -
equal pay act of 1963
Established equal pay for men and women -
Edwards v. South Carolina
187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
Students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested.
Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally -
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin in voting, employment, and public accommodations -
Civil rights act of 1964
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin -
age discrimination in employment act
Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment. -
Freedom of Information Act
Government must release certain documents to the press and public upon request
Freedom of Speech and of the Press
Protecting free speech can become difficult if the speech is unpopular -
Loving V. Virginia (1967)
Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
25th amendment was created
Sets up the formal processes of Presidential Succession -
Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)
Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War -
women were able to vote
state laws changed and ensured women's right to vote. -
Equal Credit Opportunity Act of 1975
prohibited banks, stores, and other businesses from preventing women from getting loans or credit -
Indian Self-Determination and Education Assistance Act of 1975
Allowed Native American Groups to control federally funded programs in their communities -
Harlow v. Fitzgerald (1982)
Established the rationale for qualified immunity -
tennessee v garner
Limited police use of lethal force -
Graham v. Connor (1989)
Juries must consider if the officer believed force was reasonable -
Americans with disabilities
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act of 1996
Increased border control; easier to deport undocumented aliens, increased penalties for smuggling people into the country -
D.C. v. Heller
Ruled 2nd Amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense -
McDonald v. Chicago (2010)
Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment -
Obergefell v. Hodges (2015)
Ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage -
voting rights act of 1965
Literacy tests outlawed prohibits racial discrimination in voting.