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The English Bill of Rights was passed and granted free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment -
established a 3 tiered judicial structure. the district courts the circuit courts and the supreme courts. -
Protects against warrantless search in the absence of probable cause
Reasonable grounds based on a strong likelihood of finding evidence of or stopping a crime -
"No Soldier shall, in time of peace be quartered in any house, without the consent of the Owner, nor in time of war, but in a manner to be prescribed by law." -
The government cannot take actions that create an official religion or support one religion over another -
Each citizen is guaranteed the right to hold any religious beliefs they choose -
"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed." -
allowed the president to choose whos the the vice president. -
Right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ
Court said only Congress has the right to regulate commerce between states -
Democratic-Republican party split into today’s two major parties—Democrats, Republicans
Third party: any political party in a two-party system besides the two major ones
Independent candidate: one not associated with any part -
the filibuster wasnt used until this date
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first national woman's rights convention in the US
Called for equal rights in voting, education, and property -
Dred Scott was an enslaved man sued for his and his family's freedom after being taken to a free state
Court said that Scott, as an African-American and previously property, was not a citizen
Gave him no legal standing to sue -
was passed to protect African-Americans from discrimination.
Other Civil Rights Acts have attempted to continue policies of non-discrimination -
established equal protection under the law. -
Wyoming Territory was the first to grant women the right to vote -
Passed to protect African-Americans from discrimination.
Other Civil Rights Acts have attempted to continue policies of non-discrimination -
Also passed to protect African-Americans from discrimination.
Other Civil Rights Acts have attempted to continue policies of non-discrimination -
Ended Chinese immigration to the US -
Court case held that state-mandated segregation laws did not violate the equal protection clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. -
Direct election of Senators -
gave women the right to vote -
Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons -
The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs) -
Upheld Fair Labor Standards Act; Commerce Clause allows Congress to regulate employment conditions -
FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the West Coast to report to "War Relocation Centers" (internment camps) -
Supreme Court case that declared the internment camps to be legal during wartime -
The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs.
Freedom of Speech and of the Press -
Brings together the top military, foreign affairs, and intelligence officials in the administration -
guarantee the civil rights of African-Americans
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gave presidential terms, U.S. President can serve up to 10 years or two 4-year terms. -
decided that Mexican Americans and all other racial groups in the United States had equal protection under the 14th Amendment of the U.S. Constitution. -
Ruled segregation was illegal
"Separate is inherently unequal" -
Empowered the federal government to actively engage in voter registration in places where voting discrimination had been found -
Established equal pay for men and women -
187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
Students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested.
Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally -
Banned discrimination based on race, color, religion, gender, or national origin in voting, employment, and public accommodations -
Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin -
Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment. -
Government must release certain documents to the press and public upon request
Freedom of Speech and of the Press
Protecting free speech can become difficult if the speech is unpopular -
Struck down all state laws banning interracial marriage -
Sets up the formal processes of Presidential Succession -
Schools couldn’t prevent students from protesting the Vietnam War -
state laws changed and ensured women's right to vote. -
prohibited banks, stores, and other businesses from preventing women from getting loans or credit -
Allowed Native American Groups to control federally funded programs in their communities -
Established the rationale for qualified immunity -
Limited police use of lethal force -
Juries must consider if the officer believed force was reasonable -
Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
Increased border control; easier to deport undocumented aliens, increased penalties for smuggling people into the country -
Ruled 2nd Amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense -
Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment -
Ruled states must grant and recognize same-sex marriage -
Literacy tests outlawed prohibits racial discrimination in voting.