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Tradition began in the 11th century
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Began when King John signed the Magna Carta to move the rule of man to rule of law that not even the king could not violate and that included taxation and trial provisions.
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Each charter guaranteed colonists the “rights of Englishmen.”
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Required monarchs to obtain Parliamentary approval before the new taxes. And the government could not unlawfully put people in prison. -
Extended conflict between Charles and Parliament erupted into civil war -
renewed conflicts and rebellion between the Crown and Parliament
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Guaranteed free speech and protection from cruel and unusual punishment -
William and Mary chosen to rule, but had to govern according to statutes of Parliament
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Stamp Act Congress met to protest the tax and it was repealed
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Judiciary Act.
1. District courts
2. Circuit courts
3. Supreme Court -
Federalist paper Gazette of the United States published
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Print media remains the most enduring form of mass media
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Both state and national governments were equal authorities operating within their own spheres of influence
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Whigs countered with National Gazette.
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allows the President to choose V.P. -
Maryland taxed the national bank
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Democratic-Republican party split into today’s two major parties—Democrats, Republicans
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Right of a state legislature to award a monopoly to operate a steamship line between NY and NJ. Court said only Congress has the right to regulate commerce between states
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Seneca Falls Convention (1848)
First national woman's rights convention in the US
Called for equal rights in voting, education, and property
Wyoming Territory was the first to grant women the right to vote (1869)
Susan B. Anthony refused to support the 15th amendment (equal voting rights regardless of race) because it didn’t extend voting rights to women. (1870)
19th amendment gave women the right to vote (1920) -
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The population of the US doubled
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Ended Chinese immigration to the US -
Ruled segregation was legal as long as the facilities were equal
“Separate but equal” doctrine -
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gave Congress authority to set a federal income tax
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Radio became the first form of electronic media
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Native Americans granted citizenship
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Cooperative federalism- States and national governments worked together to deal with the Great Depression.
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The court saw Roosevelt's economic legislation as an assault on property rights
Ruled that some New Deal programs violated the Constitution
Roosevelt served 12 years as president (1933-1945) and packed the court with nominees that supported expansion of gov't. Power -
Ruled 2nd Amendment does not protect the right to have all types of weapons -
The Supreme Court ruled that a child could be expelled for refusing to salute the American flag or recite the pledge (these actions violated the child’s religious beliefs) -
FDR required all people of Japanese descent on the West Coast to report to "War Relocation Centers" (internment camps)
120,000 left their homes and businesses and 80,000 remained in camps until the war was over. -
The court reversed itself and decided unity was not a sufficient reason to overrule religious beliefs. -
Court ruled the public’s safety was more important than rights of Japanese Americans
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cold war
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Television replaced radio as most influential electronic media
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Give minority interests voice in the political process, such as civil rights movement
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Segregation and discrimination was upheld by the claim that Hispanics are legally caucasian.
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Ruled segregation was illegal
"Separate is inherently unequal" -
Empowered the federal government to actively engage in voter registration in places where voting discrimination had been found
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187 African-American students gathered at the state capitol to protest racial injustice
Students did not end the protest when police told them to and were arrested.
Court said the state had no authority to disperse the students, as they were protesting legally. -
Great Society- LBJ
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Outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin -
Protects applicants and employees of 40+ years old from discrimination based on age in hiring, promotion, discharge, compensation, privileges, etc. of employment. -
President must consult with Congress before sending troops
Congress can force the president to end use of military with a concurrent resolution -
Returned some authority to state governments. Ronald Reagan believed state governments could better provide services to the people
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Prohibits discrimination against individuals with disabilities in all areas of public life, including jobs, schools, transportation, and all public and private places that are open to the general public. -
Less than 65% of eligible voters have voted in each presidential election
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Congress gave states authority to manage welfare systems with block grants -
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Ruled 2nd Amendment right to bear arms includes the right to self defense -
Ruled 2nd Amendment applies to federal, state, and local governments; upheld 2nd Amendment
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Court ruled a ban on immigration from majority-Muslim countries did not violate the Establishment Clause -
Black Americans were about 5.6x as likely to be imprisoned as White Americans.
Possible reasons for this imbalance include racial bias in the judicial system and community-level poverty.
The U.S. government has failed to take meaningful action about race discrepancies in prison populations.
