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congress of racial equality founded
civil rights- organization founded in 1942
prohibits states from denying any person equal protection of the laws.
It went on to assist in the desegregation of many public facilities in the North and then turned its attention to the South in the late 1950s. -
dodgers hire jackie robinson
color line- a barrier—created by custom, law, and economic differences—that separated whites from nonwhites
Being the first black major league baseball player was not easy. Fans taunted him, and some of his own teammates resented playing with a black man.
“Plenty of times I wanted to haul off [and fight] when someone insulted me for the color of my skin, but I had to hold to myself. I knew I was kind of an experiment. The whole thing was bigger than me.” -
executive order 9931
segregation- Segregation was common in public places, especially in the South. The segregation of public accommodations got a boost in 1896, when the Supreme Court ruled in Plessy v. Ferguson that railroad cars could be segregated as long as the accommodations were “separate but equal.” -
brown v board of education ruling
10/16 girls chose a white doll over a black doll because it looked nicer
everyone was seperated but tried to treat equally
many tried enrolling their kids into white schools but it just never got approved
thurgood marshall -
civil rights act of 1964
plessy v ferguson- landmark constitutional law case of the US Supreme Court. It upheld state racial segregation laws for public facilities under the doctrine of "separate but equal".
In the case of Brown v. Board of Education (1954), the US Supreme Court ruled that segregation in public education was unconstitutional. -
Intergration of Central High School
little rock 9- first 9 black students intergrated into a white school
little rock 9 students were not welcomed into their new school
students were escorted with troops to school -
lunch counter laws and sit ins
THE LUNCH counter sit-ins--of African Americans seated at whites-only lunch counters and restaurants until they were served--became one of the most enduring images of the civil rights movement in the U.S. South. -
freedom rides
activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions -
Birmingham Camaign
sclc-SCLC stepped directly into this violent climate in the spring of 1963. King and the SCLC joined forces with local Birmingham activists -
March on Washington
blacks faced continuing discrimination in the postwar years, the March on Washington group met annually to reiterate blacks’ demands for economic equality. -
Montgomery bus boycott
African Americans refused to ride city buses in Montgomery, Alabama, to protest segregated seating, took place from December 5, 1955, to December 20, 1956
On December 1, 1955, four days before the boycott began, Rosa Parks, an African-American woman, refused to give her seat to a white man on a Montgomery bus. She was arrested and fined. -
voting rights act of 1965
This act was signed into law on August 6, 1965, by President Lyndon Johnson. It outlawed the discriminatory voting practices adopted in many southern states after the Civil War, including literacy tests as a prerequisite to voting. -
black panther party founded
The Black Panther Party instituted a variety of community social programs, most extensively the Free Breakfast for Children Programs, and community health clinics to address issues like food injustice. The party enrolled the largest number of members and made the greatest impact in the Oakland-San Francisco Bay Area, New York, Chicago, Los Angeles, Seattle, and Philadelphia. -
advocates for black nationalism
Between 1953 and 1964, while most African leaders worked in the civil rights movement to integrate African-American people into mainstream American life, Malcolm X was an avid advocate of black independence and the reclaiming of black pride and masculinity.[7] He maintained that there was hypocrisy in the purported values of Western culture – from its Judeo-Christian religious traditions to American political and economic institutions – and its inherently racist actions. -
regents of the university of California v. Bakke
as a landmark decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. It upheld affirmative action, allowing race to be one of several factors in college admission policy. However, the court ruled that specific racial quotas, such as the 16 out of 100 seats set aside for minority students by the University of California, Davis School of Medicine, were impermissible. -
civil rights act of 1968
housing discrimination as the “refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race, color, religion, or national origin”. Title VIII of this Act is commonly referred to as the Fair Housing Act of 1968. -
Swann v. Charrotte-Mecklenberg board of education
Supreme Court of the United States unanimously upheld busing programs that aimed to speed up the racial integration of public schools in the United States. Indeed, busing was used by white officials to maintain segregation. -
watts riot
The Watts riots, sometimes referred to as the Watts Rebellion, took place in the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles from August 11 to 16, 1965. On August 11, 1965, an African-American motorist was arrested for suspicion of drunk driving.
