-
It was written to tribute his wife’s death (Euterpe). It’s also the most ancient music sheet that we conserve, and it’s written in ancient greek and was made on Trales(Aydin,Turkey). This ancient inscription was discovered on 1883, it can now be visited on Denmark’s National museum (Copenhague). -
(500-1300)
It’s a long historical period between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the beginning of the Renaissance. It's compositions were religious and symbolic rather than realistic. Monasteries preserved ancient texts, scholasticism: attempted to harmonize faith and reason. The Church controlled practically every aspect. The vibe was sacred, traditional and symbolic.
Art wasn’t about realism, it was about teaching religious ideas and inspiring faith in a illiterate society. -
Its name comes from the Pope Gregorio I.
It’s monodic and it doesn’t use instrumental accompaniments, it’s sang in latin because it was used for praying. Its goal was to be used along the Bible texts and canonic time. -
[991/992-1050]
He was the italian musician who established a name for each note of the scale (on the tetragram).
He based it on the first syllable of each verse of the hymn dedicated to Saint John the Baptist. -
(1098-1179)
She was a german polymath, composer, writer, etc. and also one of the most famous composers of the sacred monophony during the Middle Ages. She composed works like “Ave Generosa” -
One of the most important eras of music in Europe, it’s characterised for the creation of polyphony, which also developed its first form: the organum. It’s main composers are (from the Notre Dame school) Leonin and Perotin.
-
(1135-1194)
He was a really famous trovador during the Ars Antiqua, compositor and provenzal poet. He composed works like “Lo tempus vai e ven e vire”. -
(1150-1201)
He is known for being the first known composer of polyphonic (multi-voice) organum. He’s the composer of the Notre Dame School of Polyphony, a medieval musical movement that started in Paris, it started the base for Western music. He compilated the Magnus Liber Organi. He was one of the most important composers of Ars Antiqua. -
(1160-1230)
He is most famous for his work at Notre Dame Cathedral, where he contributed to what’s called the Notre Dame School of Polyphony. He was known for being one of the most influential comporsers during the Arts antiqua. -
(1221-1284)
He was one of the most important kings during the christian reconquest. He was also one of the most important participants in the Toledo’s translators school. He also composed Cantigas that narrated Virgin Mary’s miracles. (For example “Santa Maria ,strela do dia”) -
(1300-1377)
Guillaume de Machaut was one of the most important composers and poets of the Ars Nova. His work marks the transition between monophonic music and the more complex polyphony of the early Renaissance. Machaut was the first known composer to write a complete polyphonic Mass. He composed:
Messe de Nostre Dame, Motets (both religious and secular), Lais and virelais, rondeaux, and ballades, Le, Remède de Fortune and Le Voir Dit. -
(1300–1600)
The Renaissance was a cultural “rebirth” after the Middle Ages. It revived interest in ancient Greek and Roman ideas, highliting human potential, reason, and beauty. It's a period of time in witch new music values start to appear such as: focus on realism, harmony, proportion, the use of perspective to create depth, calm, balanced compositions, humanism, famous Artists. It's an elegant, balanced and idealized vibe. The world is understandable through reason and observation. -
In this music era the polyphony is perfected, its complexity improves and so does its rhythm.
On this era the middle class starts to rise up, weakening the Church. Making secular music way more important compared to religious music. Motet is the most used form on this era.
Other forms are the chanson, ballad or the canon. Guillaume de Machaut and Francesco Landini(the most important composer of the Trescento)are the most representative music figures of Ars nova. -
(1325-1335)
Francesco Landini was the most important composer, poet, and organist of the French Ars Nova. His music represents the flowering of the Florentine school and he is considered one of the most important composers of medieval polyphonic art. He was blind due to a bout of smallpox he suffered in childhood. His music appears in key manuscripts such as the Codex Squarcialupi, one of the main sources of Trecento music. -
(1400-1468)
He was a German inventor who invented the movable-type printing press. Though movable type was already in use in East Asia, Gutenberg's creation of the printing press enabled a much faster rate of printing. -
(1468–1529)
He was a Spanish composer, poet, and playwright. He was known for villancicos, secular music, and religious works. -
(1483-1546)
He wasn’t a real/traditional composer, but he was a reformer who wrote hymns and inspired Lutheran church music. He created the: Ein feste Burg ist unser Gott (“A Mighty Fortress Is Our God”) hymn. His work set the base of the foundation for congregational singing and Protestant sacred music. -
(1500–1553)
He was a very important Spanish Renaissance composer, earlier than Victoria. He was famous for his sacred works: masses, motets, and settings of the Passion. He had a smooth style and flowing polyphony. He influenced Victoria. -
(1510-1566)
He was a well-known Spanish renaissance composer and was blind since his childhood.
He composed works like “Quatro favordones”. -
(1532-1594)
He was a Franco-flemish composer, one of the most important ones from the Franco-flemish school, which was so-called for creating the international style. He made around 2000 compositions which include from secular ones to profane. -
(1533–1585)
He was an Italian composer and organist, key figure in Venetian music. He used early polychoral techniques, he was also uncle of Giovanni Gabrieli. -
(1537-1794)
He was an Italian/Rome really important composer. He had a big influence on religious music and secular on Europe, specially on the development of counterpoint. He was also a Kapellmeister. -
(1544–1590)
She was an Italian composer, singer, and the first woman known to have published music. She was famous for madrigals, showing expressiveness in texts and Renaissance polyphony. She was also important as a trailblazer for women in music. -
(1548-1611)
He was a very important Spanish composer in the Renaissance. He was known for sacred music, particularly motets, masses, hymns, and expressive and rich in polyphony Cunter-Reformation ideas. -
(1554–1612)
He was the nephew of Andrea Gabrieli, one of the greatest composers of the Venetian School. He used advanced polychoral techniques and use of dynamics. -
(1566–1613)
He was an Italian nobleman and composer known for madrigals. He’s works were intensely expressive and almost modern in its harmonic daring. He was infamous for his personal life (he murdered his wife and her lover). -
(1567–1643)
He was an Italian composer, transitional figure between Renaissance and Baroque. He composed L’Orfeo, madrigals, sacred music.
Caracterized by the use of bold harmony, expressive texts and early opera development. -
(1600–1750)
It was a period that followed the Renaissance and moved toward emotion, drama, and theatricality. It was shaped heavily by the Catholic Church’s Counter-Reformation. This period of time was caracterized by: strong emotion and movement, dynamic and energetic compositions, music itself, such as the birth of opera, composers like Bach, Vivaldi, and Handel. The higlited vibe was dramatic, emotional and theatrical. Art meant to move you, surprise you and overwhelm your senses. -
(1605–1674)
He was an Italian composer, a major figure in early Baroque vocal music. He was famous for oratorios and cantatas. He used lyricism and clear text setting, he influenced on Baroque vocal music. -
(1619-1677)
She was the most important female composer of the Baroque. It was said that she belonged to rich roots, due the stereotypes that exist but it could have never been proven. She produced more profane music than any other composer of the era, this being made without any type of help from the rich. She made “Diporti di Euterpe” -
(1644–1737)
He was an Italian luthier, creator of some of the finest violins, cellos, and violas ever made. He’s instruments were famous for exceptional tone, craftsmanship, and rarity. “Stradivarius” violins are still considered benchmarks for string instruments. -
(1659–1695)
He was an English composer, a very important figure in Baroque music in England. He was famous for operas, sacred music, and songs. He used expressiveness, rich harmonies, blending French, Italian, and English influences. -
(1678-1741)
One of the most important composers in the world. He was a venetian baroque composer and his influence was all around Europe and was important for the development of the music. He made around 700 concerts which they were mainly for violin or flute.
He’s the author of “the four seasons”. -
(1681–1767)
He was a German composer, very prolific. He wrote operas, oratorios, chamber music, and orchestral suites. He used melodic, harmonically inventive, and versatile; admired for blending French, Italian, and German styles. -
(1685-1750)
He was one of the most important and influential composers on music history and during baroque.
He was also famous for being an important organist and harpsichordist, and considered one of the masters of counterpoint. -
(1685-1759)
He was a really important Baroque composer born in Germany. In the history of music, he’s the first modern composer because he was the one who focused on adapt his music to the needs and likes of his public, instead of the rich.