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abolished slavery and involuntary servitude except as punishment for a crime
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citizenship rights and equal protection of the laws and was proposed in response to issues related to former slaves following the American Civil War
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denying a citizen the right to vote based on that citizen's race color or previous condition of servitude
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the rights of states to pass laws allowing or even requiring racial segregation in public and private institutions such as schools public transportation restrooms and restaurants
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is an African American political and religious movement founded in Detroit Michigan United States
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is an African-American civil rights organization in the United States that played a pivotal role for African Americans in the Civil Rights Movement
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was born Malcolm Little on May 19, 1925 in Omaha Malcolm was sentenced to 10 years in prison
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a major breakthrough of the color line in sports occurred when Jackie Robinson a 28-year-old African-American ballplayer and war veteran
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President Harry S Truman It abolished racial discrimination in the United States Armed Forces and eventually led to the end of segregation in the services
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United States Supreme Court case in which the Court declared state laws establishing separate public schools for black and white students to be unconstitutional.
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is an American activist known for being the first black child to desegregate the all-white William Frantz Elementary School in Louisiana during the New Orleans school desegregation crisis in
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was an African-American teenager from Argo, Illinois who was lynched in Mississippi at the age of 14 in 1955 after being falsely accused of flirting with a white woman.
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was a document written in February and March 1956 in the United States Congress in opposition to racial integration of public places.
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a seminal event in the civil rights movement was a political and social protest campaign against the policy of racial segregation on the public transit system of
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SCLC was an organization primarily comprised of southern African American church leaders dedicated to combating racism through nonviolent group protests
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primarily a voting rights bill was the first federal civil rights legislation passed by the United States
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was a group of nine African American students enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957. Their enrollment was followed by the Little Rock Crisis
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by young people who had emerged as leaders of the sit-in protest movement initiated
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Its success led to a wider sit in movement organized primarily by the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
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was civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and subsequent years in order to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court
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was fought between Southern segregationist civilians and federal and state forces beginning the night of September 30, 1962;
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A letter that Martin Luther King Jr addressed to his fellow clergymen while he was in jail
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which occurred at the African-American 16th Street Baptist Church in Birmingham, Alabama on Sunday, September 15, 1963 when four members of the Ku Klux Klan planted at least 15 sticks of dynamite attached to a timing device beneath the front steps of the church.
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was an American civil rights activist from Mississippi who worked to overturn segregation at the University of Mississippi and to enact social justice and voting rights He was murdered by a white supremacist and Klansman
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A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people
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more than 200000 demonstrators took part in the March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom in the nation's capital the march was successful
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to the Constitution of the United States of America abolished the poll tax for all federal elections
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was a 1964 voter registration project in Mississippi part of a larger effort by civil rights groups such as the Congress on Racial Equality
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three civil rights workers were abducted and murdered in an act of racial violence
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is a landmark civil rights and US labor law in the United States that outlaws discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
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was shot and killed by assassins identified as Black Muslims
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Olympics Black Power salute was a political demonstration conducted by African American athletes Tommie Smith and John Carlos during their medal ceremony
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over thirty people died in the Watts riots which were the first of several serious clashes between black people and police in the late 1960s
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signed by President Lyndon b Johnson on September 24 1965 established requirements for non discriminatory practices in hiring and employment on the part of U.S. government contractors.
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was a revolutionary black nationalist and socialist organization founded by Bobby Seale
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is a landmark civil rights decision of the United States Supreme Court which invalidated laws prohibiting interracial marriage.
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, also known as the 12th Street riot, was a violent public disorder that turned into a civil disturbance in Detroit,
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began a labor strike to protest unfair wages unsafe working conditions
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commission established by President Lyndon B. Johnson in Executive Order 11365 to investigate the causes of the 1967 race riots in the United States and to provide recommendations
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defines housing discrimination as the refusal to sell or rent a dwelling to any person because of his race color religion or national origin
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was a civil rights activist and national chairman of the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
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when unarmed demonstrators led by Father Georgy Gapon were fired upon by soldiers of the Imperial Guard as they marched towards the Winter Palace
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was an American politician who served as an elected Commissioner of Public Safety for the city of Birmingham, Alabama, for more than two decades
