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1500 BCE
Caste System - Aztecs
The Caste System in the Aztecs was a strict social structure that identified and divided people. The caste system started from lower class people and moved up to the highest class: Merchants and Artisans,Nobles, Council (part of royal family) , and the highest King or High Priest. For many High level priest they had to follow their own class system if not they would be punished with death. The lowest class were mainly farmer, slaves and poor people. This was made for people to not interfere. -
Period: 1500 BCE to 1485 BCE
Beginning of Exploration
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476 BCE
Fall of the Empire
Toward the end of the fourth century,the Roman Empire fell after a long thousand year run of being one of the empires with the greatest powers. -
1095
Crusades Indulgences
Indulgences for the crusades was believed to be a punishment from god because of your sins and wrong doing during your life. The sell of indulgences was basically to buy yourself into heaven and guarantee a spot for you there because people thought they were not going to be permitted into heaven because of their sins. Indulgences were set to be another way to another way to be a remission of the temporal punishment due to sin.Martin Luther was the first to speak out on this fake issue -
1300
The Renaissane
The renaissance, also known as "rebirth", was a cultural movement. New ideas and technology was imported. Classical ideas were also reborn. The renaissance was a time period where artists such as Leonardo DaVinci and Michelangelo rose in popularity. Johann Gutenberg introduced the printing press and interest in science and modern medicine will advance. -
1347
The Black Death
The Black Death was a disease that spread throughout Europe after it made its way from Central Asia in 1337. The disease began when a ship that carried rats infected fleas and later went to infect the people in Europe. During these times cities were filthy and infection spread easily and quickly in a short period of time. -
1440
Printing Press
The printing press was made during the middle ages when ideas were problematic and inventions were not common. Towards the end of the middle ages an invention chanced the world. Johannes Gutenberg created what is now known as the printing press, who perfected the technique. When the printing press was created, it changed the world. Science, beliefs,culture and politics all changed when the creation was exposed.By the year 1500 the printing press was in every city because it was spread so quickly -
Apr 15, 1452
Leonardo Da Vinci
Leonardo Da Vinci was a painter, sculptor, architect, inventor, military engineer, and draftsman. Da Vinci had a curious mind with keen intellect and studied the laws of science and nature, which informed his work greatly. His ideas and work influenced many artists making Da Vinci an important person in the Italian renaissance. -
Mar 6, 1474
Michelangelo
Michelangelo was a painter, sculptor, architect and poet. Considered one of the most famous artists of the Italian renaissance. Michelangelo became an appearance to a painter before studying in the sculpture gardens of the Medici family. Following this was a remarkable career as an artist. -
1485
Hernan Cortes
After establishing a colony in Mexico, Spanish nobleman Hernán Cortés rallied native allies and conquered the Aztec Empire. Learn more about what led him to destroy one of the greatest civilizations in human history in this video. -
Jun 7, 1494
Treaty of Tordesillas
The Treaty of Tordesillas was created to settle disputes over territory with Spain and Portugal. The Pope will divide new lands between them. By drawing a line the treaty divided lands with the two countries giving Brazil to Portugal and all lands west to Spain. -
Period: to
English Colonial Societies
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Headright System
The headright system was originally created in 1618 in Jamestown, Virginia. It was used as a way to attract new settlers to the region and address the labor shortage. With the emergence of tobacco farming, a large supply of workers was needed. New settlers who paid their way to Virginia received 50 acres of land. -
Mayflower Compact
The Mayflower Compact was a set of rules for self-governance established by the English settlers who traveled to the New World on the Mayflower. When Pilgrims and other settlers set out on the ship for America in 1620, they intended to lay anchor in northern Virginia. But after treacherous shoals and storms drove their ship off course, the settlers landed in Massachusetts instead, near Cape Cod, outside of Virginia’s jurisdiction. -
John Winthrop
John Winthrop was the governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony, and the chief figure among the puritans in the New England Colonies. In 1629, the Massachusetts Bay Company obtained a royal charter to settle in New England. John Winthrop joined the company taking his family to Massachusetts if the company government and charter also transferred to America. Other members agreed with his terms and soon elected Winthrop governor. -
Proprietary Colony
A proprietary colony was a type of British colony mostly in North America and the Caribbean in the 17th century. In the British Empire, all land belonged to the ruler, and it was his prerogative to divide. -
Nathaniel Bacon
Nathaniel Bacon was born in England, was educated at Cambridge, and moved to Jamestown in 1673. Nathaniel was a Virginia colonist and rebel, he was especially known for as the instigator of Bacon's Rebellion of 1676. He faced issues with class resentment as well in his life. And because of Bacon's death from a fever, the whole rebellion itself collapsed. -
Salem Witch Trial
A group of young girls in Salem village, Massachusetts, claimed to be possessed by the devil and accused several local women of witchcraft. As villagers became more paranoid, a special court convened in Salem to hear cases; the first convicted witch, Bridget Bishop. Eighteen others followed Bishop, while some 150 more men, women, and children were accused over the next several months. -
Period: to
Colonial America
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The Great Awakening
The Great Awakening was a Protestant religious revival that swept Protestant Europe and British America in the 1730s and 1740s. An evangelical and revitalization movement, it left a permanent impact on American Protestantism. -
Adam Smith
Adam Smith was a Scottish social philosopher and political economist. Smith wrote what is considered the "bible of capitalism", The Wealth of Nations, in which he describes the first system of political economy. -
Samuel Davies
Samuel Davies was an evangelist and Presbyterian minister. Davies ministered in Hanover County from 1748-1759, followed by a term as the fourth President of Princeton University, then known as the College of New Jersey, from 1759 to 1761. -
The Atlantic Slave Trade
The Atlantic Slave Trade was a commerce system where many slaves were being traded from Africa to other parts of the world such as North America, Europe, or South America in exchange for goods. As transportation, slaves were usually shipped in ships. As a result, five times as many slaves from Africa arrived in the Americas than Europeans. Many slaves were needed on plantations and in mining, so a majority of them were shipped to Brazil, the Caribbeans, and the Spanish Empire. -
Triangular Trade
Triangular Trade was another source of commerce that helped with the trading market. In other words, it was called the transatlantic slave trade, because not only were goods traded, but slaves as well. The reason for this is because they needed more labor force to be able to produce cash crops, to export to Europe in exchange for manufactured goods. They traded goods such as sugar, molasses, and other local crops to West Africa, America, and Europe as well. -
Fort William Henry
The fall of Fort William Henry and the "massacre" of the surrendered English is one of the most famous incidents in American history. The fall of the fort was an incredible tragedy of great proportions, an illustration of the nobility of the British and the savagery of both the French and the Indians, and an example of brutal primal rage. -
Period: to
Revolutionary War
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Treaty of Paris 1763
The Treaty of Paris 1763 was a document that helped end the French and Indian War, also known as the Seven Years War. The empire of France was destroyed, and as a result, it has left Great Britain with power over North America. France then gave up most of their mainlands, such as Canada and Louisiana, in the hands of Great Britain. In the end, it also made Great Britain win the war. -
The Stamp Act
On March 22, 1765 British Parliament passed an act called the Stamp Act. The new tax required American colonists to pay a tax on every piece of printed paper they used. Ship's papers, legal documents, licenses, newspapers, other publications, and even playing cards were taxed. -
Towenshend Acts
The Townshend Acts imposed a tax on glass, lead, paints, paper and tea imported into the colonies. Many Americans viewed the taxation as an abuse of power, resulting in the passage of agreements to limit imports from Britain. In 1770, Parliament repealed all the Townshend taxes except for the tax on tea, leading to a short truce between the two sides before the American Revolution. -
Boston Massacre
A squad of British soldiers let loose a volley of shots in reaction to the snowballing crowd. Three people were killed immediately and two died later of their wounds; among the victims was Crispus Attucks, an African American. The British officer in charge, Capt. Thomas Preston, was arrested for manslaughter, along with eight of his men. The Boston Massacre is remembered as a key event in helping to galvanize the colonial public to the Patriot cause. -
Thomas Jefferson
Thomas Jefferson was the author of the Declaration of Independence as well as the third President of the United States. Jefferson played a leading role in America's early development. Jefferson was a Republican who believed in decentralized governments and that America should be a nation of farmers. -
Patrick Henry
Patrick Henry was an American attorney, planter, and orator well known for his declaration to the Second Virginia Convention: "Give me liberty, or give me death!" -
Battle of Bunker Hill
On June 17, 1775, early in the Revolutionary War (1775-83), the British defeated the Americans at the Battle of Bunker Hill in Massachusetts. Despite their loss, the inexperienced colonial forces inflicted significant casualties against the enemy, and the battle provided them with an important confidence boost. Although commonly referred to as the Battle of Bunker Hill, most of the fighting occurred on nearby Breed’s Hill. -
The Deceleration of Independence
The reason for the Declaration of Independence is because of the anticipation that the vote for independence would be favorable. As a result, the Congress appointed a committees to draft a declaration, such as Thomas Jefferson, and many other committees as well. -
Articles of Confederation
The Articles of Confederation was the first written constitution of the United States. The Articles of Confederation, however, were weak and could not force taxation. They relied on requisitions (laying claim to property or material). The states did not comply with the Articles of Confederation and there was a constant shortage of funds. America also printed too much money devaluing the currency and putting them in dept. -
Battle of Yorktown
The Battle of Yorktown was the final battle of the American Revolution. It was the battle that would end the war by the British surrendering. The French would also play a big role in this battle. With the joining of the two armies, it allowed the Colonist to defeat the British. Not only that but the British will make a mistake because the ships that the British ordered to come never came. -
Problems with the British
Although the Americans won the Revolutionary war, the British continued to hold forts and occupy the land in America such as the Ohio valley. This was because America did not live up to the terms in the Treaty of Paris (1783). Debts were unpaid and the British will keep forts. Natives were not represented in the Treaty of Paris (1783) so America and Natives continued to fight. -
Period: to
Constitution
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Shays Rebellion
This rebellion took place in Massachusetts. At the time, agriculture was severely bad due to the drastic economic change that caused farmers to be threatened to leave their work/farms/home. This is because of the increase in tax collection and debts from government officials. With the help of Daniel Shay, they fought back with the anger they had by these enforced taxes. The overall outcome of the rebellion became huge due to the reveal of the weakness of the Articles of Confederation. -
Three Branches
Our federal government has three parts. They are the Executive, President and about 5,000,000 workers;Legislative, Senate and House of Representatives and Judicial, Supreme Court and lower Courts.The President of the United States administers the Executive Branch of our government. -
Virginia Plan
The Virginia plan was intended for larger, more populated states. The plan abandons the Articles of Confederation (AOC) and gives the government power when given authority by document. The Virginia plan was single executive with a two house legislature. The two house legislature had a lower house where people voted, upper house, and senate. -
Northwest Oridinance
The Northwest Ordinance ,formally An Ordinance for the Government of the Territory of the United States, North-West of the River Ohio, and also known as The Ordinance of 1787, was an act of the Congress of the Confederation of the United States the Confederation Congress, passed July 13, 1787. -
Connecticut Plan
The Connecticut Plan was a mix between the two plans, Virginia and the New Jersey Plan. It contained the use of the House of Representatives with proportional number of seats to the population. The purpose of this plan was to resolve the issue of the representation of smaller and larger states. Soon after, there will be a compromise of counting three-fifths of the black population. -
Federalists
The Federalist party began in opposition to the Democratic-Republican party during Washington's first administration. The Federalists were known for their support of a strong national government as well as their loose interpretation of the constitution. However, the party split over negotiations with France during President John Adams’s administration -
Period: to
.The New Republic
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Whiskey Rebellion
This was a rebellion that protested against the raise in taxes for whiskey that upset many of the farmers and distillers. The violence started with others refusing to pay the taxes that were enforced by the government. Soon enough, threats of violence became more common to excise officers that led to the break out of violence. At this time, it became to the point where people stripped excise officers naked, tarred, then feathered them, and leaving them abandoned alone. -
XYZ Affair
Jays Treaty caused problems limiting trade with France. The French ignored American envoys. Word got out and an undeclared naval war began. France wanted $250,000 per diplomat along with $10,000,000 loan for France and a personal apology from John Adams. -
Period: to
Age of Jackson
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Judiciary Act of 1801
The Judiciary Act of 1801 reduced the size of the Supreme Court from six justices to five and eliminated the justices' circuit duties. To replace the justices on circuit, the act created sixteen judgeships for six judicial circuits. -
Period: to
Age of Jefferson Monroe
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Louisiana Purchase
Thomas Jefferson wanted a nation of farmers. Fortunately, Spain will cede Louisiana back to France. France needed money and Jefferson wanted a nation of farmers Jefferson buys Louisiana for less than 3 cents an acre. Buying Louisiana will secure the Mississippi river and double the size of nation. -
Embargo Act 1807
The Embargo Act of 1807 was a law passed by the United State Congress and signed by President Thomas Jefferson on December 22, 1807. It prohibited American ships from trading in all foreign ports. ... In 1806, France passed a law that prohibited trade between neutral parties, like the U.S., and Britain. -
Panic of 1819
At this time, the economy was decreasing drastically. Banks were failing, no mortgages, people are even losing their homes or farms. To make the situation even worse, there was no employment was there for those who desperately need it as well. This is because of the Second Bank of the US since Northern manufacturers charged their customers with high tariffs.The South, on one end, hate tariffs and ended up rebelling against the North. -
War of 1812
This was a war between the US and Great Britain and it broke out into this due to the restricted trade and the impressment of the British. Throughout the war, and especially in the beginning, the US lost the war frequently. Progressively it has gotten better for the US, they started to have many victories from battling with the British such as the battles in New York, Baltimore, and even New Orleans. Later on, the Treaty of Ghent was sign to declare the second independence for the US. -
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American Industrial Revolution
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Era of Good Feeling
The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the War of 1812. -
Slavery in Upper South
Slavery in the Upper South was different from slavery in the Lower South. Slavery in the Upper South was not a tedious as it was in the Lower South because growing season was shorter and the soil was not as fertile as it was in the Lower South. The Upper South also had more diverse crops because most people wanted to take advantage of everything they could grow in the short period they had. Slavery was also dying in this region so many slaves were sold to the Lower South. -
Slavery in Lower South
In the Lower South, the growing season was long and the soil was fertile and ideal for growing cotton. This made the need for slaves, increase because masters need someone to pick the cotton. In the Lower South, many plantations grew the same thing, cotton, it was very homogeneous. As the cotton grow industry grew, it exhausted the soil of its natural nutrients and that is what caused many plantations to begin to move west. The cotton industry made too much money for them to give up on it. -
Period: to
Cultural Changes
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Missouri Crisis
In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state. -
Monroe Doctrine
President James Monroe used his annual message to Congress for a bold assertion: ‘The American continents … are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future colonization by any European powers.’ The ‘Monroe Doctrine’ became a cornerstone of American foreign policy. Secretary of State John Quincy Adams had played the most important role in developing the wording of the declaration, and he also influenced the doctrine’s overall shape. -
John C. Calhoun
John C. Calhoun , was a prominent U.S. statesman and spokesman for the slave-plantation system of the antebellum South. As a young congressman from South Carolina, he helped steer the United States into war with Great Britain and established the Second Bank of the United States. Calhoun went on to serve as U.S. secretary of war, vice president and briefly as secretary of state. -
Andrew Jackson
Jackson as a child, grew up in poverty and didn't have much of everything. But later on in life, he became a lawyer and a politician during the War of 1812 between the US and the British. He was a man full of bravery that gave him more fame because of it. When he ran against John Quincy Adams in the Election of 1824, he unfortunately lost. After four years, he ran again for president and won the election as being the seventh president of the US as well as become a leader for the Democrats. -
Second Party System
The Second Party System is a name for the political party system in the United States during the 1800s. ... One was the Democratic Party, led by Andrew Jackson. The other was the Whig Party, started by Henry Clay. The Whig party was made up of members of the National Republican Party and other people who opposed Jackson. -
Free Black Communities
Most Free Black Communities were predominantly in the North. The largest free black communities were int he North and the Midwest. These communities were made because blacks were struggling to pave a road for themselves after being free. Although the North was "free" many free slaves faced lots of discrimination and segregation. They also had to compete for jobs with immigrants. And not only did they face prejudice from whites but also from other immigrants while competing for jobs. -
Mormons
This sort of religion was founded by Joseph Smith, who had a belief in Jesus and God that told him to restore the true Christian Church. It was said that he was guided by angel to go to New York and as a result, he found golden plates with foreign writings on them. With these golden plates, he was able to create the "Book of Mormons" with the information he has translated himself. As Mormons existed, they also faced violence and discrimination for what they believe in. -
Indian Act Removal of 1830
The Indian Removal Act was signed by President Andrew Jackson on May 28, 1830. The law authorized the president to negotiate with southern Indian tribes for their removal to federal territory west of the Mississippi River in exchange for their lands. The act enjoyed strong support from the non-Indian peoples of the South, but there was a large amount of resistance from the Indian tribes, the Whig Party, and whites in the northeast, especially New England. -
Tariff Act of 1832
The Tariff of 1832 was a protectionist tariff in the United States. It reduced the existing tariffs to remedy the conflict created by the tariff of 1828, but it was still deemed unsatisfactory by some in the South, especially in South Carolina. -
New York Female Reform Society
The New York Female Moral Reform Society was founded in 1834 by Lidya A. Finney as a result of the rampant crime and disparity in the Five Points District. Realizing the need for innovation, the most important goal of the Society dealt with prostitution. The Society initially aimed at prevention. They believed that prostitution created a very negative path that women fell into because of poverty and desperation. -
Battle of Gonzales
The Battle of Gonzales was the first military engagement of the Texas Revolution. It was fought near Gonzales, Texas, on October 2, 1835, between rebellious Texian settlers and a detachment of Mexican army soldiers. -
Panic of 1837
The Panic of 1837 was a financial crisis in the United States that touched off a major recession that lasted until the mid-1840s. Profits, prices, and wages went down while unemployment went up. Pessimism abounded during the time. -
Telegraph
Developed in the 1830s and 1840s by Samuel Morse and other inventors, the telegraph revolutionized long-distance communication. It worked by transmitting electrical signals over a wire laid between stations. In addition to helping invent the telegraph, Samuel Morse developed a code that assigned a set of dots and dashes to each letter of the English alphabet and allowed for the simple transmission of complex messages across telegraph lines. -
Trail of Tears
The Trail of Tears was a series of forced removals of Native American nations from their ancestral homelands in the Southeastern United States to an area west of the Mississippi River that had been designated as Indian Territory. The forced relocations were carried out by various government authorities following the passage of the Indian Removal Act in 1830. The relocated people suffered from exposure, disease, and starvation while en route. -
Lowel Mills
Francis Cabot Lowell created and established the Lowell Mills that was made for the manufacture of textiles. This became a new pattern and style of employment. For as long as the mills existed, majority of the workers there are girls and children from farming families. Although young girls were forced to work all day, they always had a sense of freedom because they didn't have to continuously clean and cook. Most people outside of the mills criticize the lack of traditional women roles usage. -
William Miller
William Miller (February 15, 1782 – December 20, 1849), an American Baptist preacher, is credited with beginning the mid-19th century North American religious movement known as the Millerites. After his prophecies of the Second Coming did not occur as expected in the 1840s, new heirs of his message emerged, including the Advent Christians and the Seventh-day Adventists . -
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Westward Expansion
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Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints
The True Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints or True Mormon Church was a denomination of the Latter Day Saint movement. It was founded in the spring of 1844 in Nauvoo, Illinois, by leaders dissenting from the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints. -
Manifest Destiny
This event occurred during the nineteenth century for the American expansion in the United States to expand from east to west coast. This type of motivation helped America expand west by enforcing the Native American removal and the war with Mexico. The name of the expansion was created by journalist John O'Sullivan in 1845 that claims "our manifest destiny to overspread the continent allotted by Providence for the free development of our yearly multiplying millions." -
Bleeding Kansas
Bleeding Kansas is the term used to described the period of violence during the settling of the Kansas territory. In 1854 the Kansas-Nebraksa Act overturned the Missouri Compromise’s use of latitude as the boundary between slave and free territory and instead, using the principle of popular sovereignty, decreed that the residents would determine whether the area became a free state or a slave state. Proslavery and free-state settlers flooded into Kansas to try to influence the decision. -
Annexation of Texas
The Texas annexation was the 1845 incorporation of the Republic of Texas into the United States of America, which was admitted to the Union as the 28th state on December 29, 1845. The Republic of Texas declared independence from the Republic of Mexico on March 2, 1836. -
Mexican American War
The Mexican-American Warmarked the first U.S. armed conflict chiefly fought on foreign soil. It pitted a politically divided and militarily unprepared Mexico against the expansionist-minded administration of U.S. President James K. Polk, who believed the United States had a “manifest destiny” to spread across the continent to the Pacific Ocean. When the dust cleared, Mexico had lost about one-third of its territory, including nearly all of present-day California, Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. -
Battle of Palo Alto
On May 8, 1846, shortly before the United States formally declared war on Mexico, General Zachary Taylor (1784-1850) defeated a superior Mexican force in the Battle of Palo Alto. The battle took place north of the Rio Grande River near present-day Brownsville, Texas. Taylor’s victory, along with a series of subsequent victories against the Mexicans, made him a war hero. In 1848, he was elected America’s 12th president. -
Free Soil Party
A single-issue party, its main purpose was to oppose the expansion of slavery into the western territories, arguing that free men on free soil comprised a morally and economically superior system to slavery. ... The Compromise of 1850 reduced tensions regarding slavery, but some remained in the party. -
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Sectionalism
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California Gold Rush
The California Gold Rush began when gold nuggets were discovered in the Sacramento Valley, and this event became important in shaping the United States. The news of the discovery of gold in San Francisco caused thousands of gold miners to travel by sea or by land, and by the end of 1849, the population of California was about one hundred thousand (before the population was about one thousand). The worth of gold that was found during the Gold Rush was about two billion dollars. -
Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo
The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, signed on February 2, 1848, ended the Mexican-American War in favor of the United States. The treaty added an additional 525,000 square miles to United States territory, including the including the land that makes up all or parts of present-day Arizona, California, Colorado, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah and Wyoming. Mexico also gave up all claims to Texas and recognized the Rio Grande as America’s southern boundary. -
Seneca Falls Convention
The Seneca Falls Convention was the first women's rights convention. It advertised itself as "a convention to discuss the social, civil, and religious condition and rights of woman". Held in Seneca Falls, New York, it spanned two days over July 19–20, 1848. Attracting widespread attention, it was soon followed by other women's rights conventions, including the Rochester Women's Rights Convention in Rochester, New York, two weeks later. -
Tenant Farming
Tenant farming is an agricultural production system in which landowners contribute their land and often a measure of operating capital and management; while tenant farmers contribute their labor along with at times varying amounts of capital and management. -
Compromise of 1850
The Compromise of 1850 was established to maintain the Union of the United States. There were five parts and two of them were instrumental in Western Migration. The first was the establishment of California as a free state. The second was the organization of lands gained from Mexico into the territories of New Mexico and Utah. The decision on slavery was left up to popular sovereignty. -
Kansas Nebraska Act
The Kansas Nebraska Act caused more dispute over westward expansion. Stephen Douglas created a bill to extinguish Native American rights on the central Great Plains and organize a large free territory called Nebraska. First he repealed the Missouri Compromise and wanted to organize the region based on popular sovereignty. Second he agreed to form two territories, Kansas and Nebraska. Southern planters would then be able to settle Kansas and eventually make it a slave state. -
Harpers Ferry
Harpers Ferry is a town in West Virginia. Paths wind through Harpers Ferry National Historical Park, which has 19th-century buildings, a Civil War Museum and John Brown’s Fort, a key site in an 1859 abolitionist raid. The location where the Potomac and Shenandoah rivers meet, known as The Point, offers views of Maryland and Virginia. The Appalachian Trail Visitor Center has exhibits on the long-distance hiking trail. -
Abraham Lincoln 1860
Abraham Lincoln, a self-taught lawyer, legislator and vocal opponent of slavery, was elected 16th president of the United States in November 1860, shortly before the outbreak of the Civil War. Lincoln proved to be a shrewd military strategist and a savvy leader: His Emancipation Proclamation paved the way for slavery’s abolition, while his Gettysburg Address stands as one of the most famous pieces of oratory in American history. -
Crittenden Compromise
The Crittenden Compromise was an unsuccessful proposal introduced by United States Senator John J. Crittenden (Constitutional Unionist of Kentucky) on December 18, 1860. It aimed to resolve the secession crisis of 1860–1861 by addressing the fears and grievances about slavery that led many slave-holding states to contemplate secession from the United States. -
North vs South
The north was much more industrialized than the south. The north had nearly 110,000 factories and 1.5 billion industries. They occupied 97% of weapons manufacturing, 94% of clothing manufacturing, and 90% of shoe and boot manufacturing.By having this much industrialization, helps the north a lot during the Civil War because it will give them money to allow them to take care of their troops during the war. -
George Mclellan
George McClellan was a major general during the American Civil War. Nicknamed "Young Napoleon" and "Little Mac," he twice was commander of Army of the Potomac, the Union’s largest army, and fought as general-in-chief of the Union Army until being removed by Abraham Lincoln in 1862. -
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Civil War
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Fort Sumter
The Battle of Fort Sumter was the bombardment of Fort Sumter near Charleston, South Carolina by the Confederate States Army, and the return gunfire and subsequent surrender by the United States Army that started the American Civil War. -
1st Battle of Bull Run
On July 21, 1861, Union and Confederate armies clashed near Manassas Junction, Virginia, in the first major land battle of the American Civil War. Known as the First Battle of Bull Run, the engagement began when about 35,000 Union troops marched from the federal capital in Washington, D.C. to strike a Confederate force of 20,000 along a small river known as Bull Run. -
Battle of Vicksburg
From the spring of 1862 until July 1863, during the American Civil War (1861-65), Union forces waged a campaign to take the Confederate stronghold of Vicksburg, Mississippi, which lay on the east bank of the Mississippi River, halfway between Memphisto the northand New Orleansto the south.The capture of Vicksburg divided the Confederacy and proved the military genius of Union General Ulysses S. Grant (1822-85). -
Emancipation Proclamation
On September 22, soon after the Union victory at Antietam, Lincoln issued a preliminary Emancipation Proclamation, declaring that as of January 1, 1863, all slaves in the rebellious states “shall be then, thenceforward, and forever free.” While the Emancipation Proclamation did not free a single slave, it was an important turning point in the war, transforming the fight to preserve the nation into a battle for human freedom. -
Carpetbaggers
In the history of the United States, a carpetbagger was a Northerner who moved to the South after the American Civil War during the Reconstruction era. -
Wade-Davis Bill
A more stringent plan was proposed by Senator Benjamin F. Wade and Representative Henry Winter Davis in February 1864. The Wade-Davis Bill required that 50 percent of a state's white males take a loyalty oath to be readmitted to the Union. In addition, states were required to give blacks the right to vote. -
Lincolns 10% pan
One of the ideas of Lincoln's reconstruction was the 10 percent plan. This proposed that the southern states will be able to go back into the Union if they ten percent of voters will swear under the oath of allegiance to the Union. Lincoln had his thoughts about the South parting from the North, so he only asks for forgiveness from the South. He hoped to end the war quickly, fearing that the war would never let the North and the South reunite. Because of his plan, it got the South to surrender -
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Reconstruction
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Abraham Lincolns Death
Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, was assassinated by well-known stage actor John Wilkes Booth on April 14, 1865, while attending the play Our American Cousin at Ford's Theatre in Washington, D.C. -
KKK
Founded in 1866, the Ku Klux Klan (KKK) extended into almost every southern state by 1870 and became a vehicle for white southern resistance to the Republican Party’s Reconstruction-era policies aimed at establishing political and economic equality for blacks. Though Congress passed legislation designed to curb Klan terrorism, the organization saw its main goal–the reestablishment of white supremacy–fulfilled through Democratic victories in state legislatures across the South in the 1870s. -
Scalawags
In United States history, scalawags were southern whites who supported Reconstruction and the Republican Party, after the American Civil War. The word has a long history of use as a slur in Southern partisan debates. The term is commonly used in historical studies as a neutral descriptor of Southern white Republicans, although some historians have discarded the term due to its history of pejorative connotations -
Scandinavian Immigration
Immigration to the US from the Scandinavian countries of Sweden, Norway, Denmark, and Finland increased dramatically in the late 19th century, due to mounting economic pressures and overpopulation. ... Scandinavian immigrants settled primarily in the Midwest -
Election of 1868
The Presidential Election of 1868 was the first election to take place during Reconstruction. President Andrew Johnson, who had ascended President Lincoln following the assassination in 1865, was unsuccessful in his attempt to receive the Democratic presidential nomination. Instead the Democrats nominated Horatio Seymour to take on the Republican candidate, Civil War hero General Ulysses S. Grant. Grant won a large amount of the electoral votes, as well as the popular vote. -
14th Amendment
On July 28, 1868, the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution was ratified. The amendment grants citizenship and equal protection of the laws to "all persons born or naturalized in the United States" which included former slaves who had just been freed after the Civil War. -
Sharecroppers
Sharecropping was an agricultural labor system that developed in Georgia and throughout the South following Reconstruction and lasted until the mid-twentieth century. Under this arrangement, laborers with no land of their own worked on farm plots owned by others, and at the end of the season landowners paid workers a share of the crop. -
Whiskey Ring Scandal
The Whiskey Ring was a scandal involving diversion of tax revenues in a conspiracy among government agents, politicians, whiskey distillers, and distributors. The Whiskey Ring began in St. Louis but was also organized in Chicago, Milwaukee, Cincinnati, New Orleans, and Peoria. The scheme involved an extensive network of bribes involving distillers, rectifiers, gauges, storekeepers, and internal revenue agents. -
Compromise of 1877
Allies of the Republican Party candidate Rutherford Hayes met in secret with moderate southern Democrats in order to negotiate acceptance of Hayes’ election. The Democrats agreed not to block Hayes’ victory on the condition that Republicans withdraw all federal troops from the South, thus consolidating Democratic control over the region. As a result of the so-called Compromise of 1877; Florida, Louisiana and South Carolina became Democratic once again, marking the end of the Reconstruction era. -
Jim Crow Laws
The segregation and disenfranchisement laws known as "Jim Crow" represented a formal, codified system of racial apartheid that dominated the American South for three quarters of a century beginning in the 1890s. Jim Crow Laws were statutes and ordinances established between 1874 and 1975 to separate the white and black races in the American South. The Jim Crow Laws condemned black citizens to inferior treatment and facilities.
