-
Apollo 11 Stones
Namibia
c. 25,500 - 25,300 B.C.E.
Charcoal on stone -
Great Hall of the Bulls Cave paintings
Lascaux, France. 15,000-13,000 B.C.E. Rock painting -
Camelid sacrum
Tequixquiac, Mexico, 14,000–7000 B.C.E., Bone -
Running Horned Woman
Tassili n’Ajjer, Algeria
6000 - 4000 B.C.E
Pigment on rock -
Plaque of the Ergastines
Parthenon (Phidias)
5th Century B.C.E.
Marble -
Helios, horses, and Dionysus (Heracles?)
East Pediment Sculpture, Parthenon (Phidias?)
5th Century B.C.E.
Marble -
Beaker with ibex motif
Susa, Iran
4200--3500 B.C.E.
Painted terra-cotta -
Anthropomorphic stele
Arabian Peninsula
4th millennium B.C.E
Sandstone -
White Temple and its ziggurat
Uruk (modern Warka, Iraq)
Sumerian
c.3500-3000 B.C.E.
Mud brick -
Jade Cong
Liangzhu, China, 3300-2200 B.C.E., Carved jade -
Palette of Narmer
Predynastic Egypt
c.3000-2920 B.C.E.
Greywacke -
Statues of votive figures
From the Square Temple at Eshnunna (modern Tell Asmar, Iraq)
Sumerian
c.2700 B.C.E.
Gypsum inlaid with shell and black limestone -
Seated scribe
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2620-2500 B.C.E.
Painted limestone -
Standard of Ur from the Royal Tombs at Ur
Modern Tell el-Muqayyar, Iraq
Sumerian
c.2600-2400 B.C.E.
Wood inlaid with shell, lapis lazuli, and red limestone -
Great Pyramids and the Great Sphinx
Giza, Egypt
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2550-2490 B.C.E.
Cut limestone -
Stonehenge
Wiltshire, UK
Neolithic Europe
c.2500-1600 B.C.E
Sandstone -
King Menkaura and queen
Old Kingdom, Fourth Dynasty
c.2490-2472 B.C.E.
Greywacke -
House of the Vettii
Pompeii, Italy
Imperial Roman
c. 2nd Century B.C.E.
Cut stone and fresco -
The Code of Hammurabi
Babylon (Modern Iran)
Susian
c.1792-1750 B.C.E.
Basalt -
Ambum Stone
Enga Province, Papua New Guinea
1500 B.C.E
Greywacke -
Mortuary temple of Hatshepsut
And kneeling sculpture
New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
Near Luxor, Egypt
c.1473-1458 B.C.E.
Sandstone, partially covered into a rock cliff, and red granite -
Akhenaton, Nefertiti, and three daughters
New Kingdom (Amarna), 18th Dynasty
c.1353-1335 B.C.E.
Limestone -
Yuan Dynasty, China
1351 C.E.
White porcelain with cobalt-blue underglaze -
Tutankhamun’s tomb, innermost coffin
New Kingdom, 18th Dynasty
c.1323 B.C.E.
Gold with inlay of enamel and semiprecious stones -
Temple of Amun-Re and Hypostyle Hall
New Kingdom, 18th & 19th Dynasties
Karnak, near Luxor, Egypt
Temple: c.1550 B.C.E.
Hall: c.1250 B.C.E.
Cut sandstone and mud brick -
Tlatilco female figurine
Central Mexico
1200 - 900 B.C.E
Ceramic -
Laocoön and His Sons
Hellenistic Greek
Hagesander, Athenodoros and Polydorus of Rhodes
1st Century B.C.E.
Marble -
Augustus of Prima Porta
Imperial Roman
Early 1st Century C.E.
Marble -
Khajuraho, India. Hindu, Chandella Dynasty
c. 930-950 C.E. Sandstone -
Lamassu from the citadel of Sargon II
Dur Sharrukin (modern Khorsabad, Iraq)
Neo-Assyrian c.720-705 B.C.E.
Alabaster -
Lhasa, Tibet. Yarlung Dynasty.
Believed to have been brought to Tibet in 641 C.E.
Gilt metals with semiprecious stones, pearls, and paint; various offerings -
Athenian Agora
Archaic through Hellenistic Greek
600 B.C.E. - 150 C.E.
Plan -
Peplos Kore from the Acropolis
Archaic Greek
c.530 B.C.E.
Marble, painted details -
Audience Hall (apadana) of Darius and Xerxes
Persepolis, Iran
Persian
c.520-465 B.C.E.
Limestone -
Sarcophagus of the Spouses
Etruscan. c.520 B.C.E.
Terracotta -
Temple of Minerva (Veii, near Rome, Italy)
Etruscan. c.510-500 B.C.E.
Original temple of wood, mud brick, or tufa (volcanic rock) -
Sculpture of Apollo, Veii
Master sculptor Vulca
Etruscan. c.510-500 B.C.E.
Terracotta -
Luoyang, China. Tang Dynasty.
493-1127 C.E.
Limestone -
Kritios boy
c.480 B.C.E.
Marble -
Tomb of the Triclinium
Tarquinia, Italy. Etruscan.
c.480-470 B.C.E. Tufa and fresco -
Niobides Krater
Anonymous vase painter of Classical Greece known as the Niobid Painter.
c.460-450 B.C.E.
Clay, red figure technique -
Doryphoros (Spear bearer)
Polykleitos
Original 450-440 B.C.E.
Roman copy (marble) of the Greek original (bronze) -
Parthenon
Iktinos and Kallikrates
c.447-410 B.C.E.
Marble -
Acropolis
Iktinos and Kallikrates
c.447-410 B.C.E.
Marble -
Temple of Athena Nike
Kallikrates
c.427-424 B.C.E.
Marble -
Victory (Nike) adjusting her sandal
Temple of Athena Nike (Acropolis)
c.427-424 B.C.E.
Marble -
Grave Stele of Hegeso
Attributed to Kallimachos
c.410 B.C.E.
Marble and paint -
Petra, Jordan: Treasury and Great Temple
Nabataean Ptolemaic and Roman
c. 400 B.C.E - 100 C.E.
Cut rock -
Bamiyan, Afghanistan
Gandharan
c. 400-800 C.E.
(destroyed in 2001)
Cut rock with plaster and polychrome paint -
Aphrodite of Knidos
Praxiteles
c.350 B.C.E.
Marble -
Madhya Pradesh, India
Buddhist; Maurya, late Sunga Dynasty
c. 300 B.C.E.-100 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone on dome -
Qin Dynasty.
c. 221-209 B.C.E.
Painted terra cotta -
Winged Victory of Samothrace
Hellenistic Greek
c.190 B.C.E.
Marble -
Han Dynasty, China
c. 180 B.C.E.
Painted silk -
Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon
Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek.
c.175 B.C.E.
Marble -
Frieze of Athena from the Great Altar of Zeus and Athena at Pergamon
Asia Minor (present-day Turkey). Hellenistic Greek.
c.175 B.C.E.
Marble -
Pantheon
Imperial Roman. 118-125 C.E.
Concrete with stone facing. -
Column of Trajan
Completed 113 C.E.
Marble -
Forum of Trajan
Rome, Italy. Apollodorus of Damascus. Forum and markets.
c.106-112 C.E.
Brick and concrete. -
Seated Boxer
Hellenistic Greek
C.100 B.C.E.
Bronze -
Alexander mosaic from the House of Faun, Pompeii
Republican Roman c.100 B.C.E.
Mosaic -
Head of a Roman patrician
Republican Roman
c.75-50 B.C.E.
Marble -
Colosseum (Flavian Amphitheater)
Rome, Italy. Imperial Roman.
70-80 C.E.Stone and concrete. -
Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus
Late Imperial Roman. c.250 C.E.
Marble. -
Three Kingdoms Period
Silla Kingdom, Korea
Fifth to sixth century C.E.
Metalwork -
Anavysos Kouros
Archaic Greek
c.530 B.C.E.
Marble with remnants of paint -
Mecca, Saudi Arabia. Islamic. Pre-Islamic monument
Rededicated by Muhammad in 631-632 C.E. Multiple renovations
Granite masonry, covered with silk curtain and calligraphy in gold and silver-wrapped thread -
Jerusalem. Islamic. Umayyad.
691-692 C.E., with multiple renovations
Stone masonry and wooden roof decorated with glazed ceramic tile, mosaics, and gilt aluminum and bronze dome. -
Isfahan, Iran. Islamic, Persian: Seljuk, Il-Khanid, Timurid and Safavid Dynasties
c. 700 C.E.; additions and restorations in the 14th, 18th & 20th centuries C.E.
Stone, brick, wood, plaster, and glazed ceramic tile -
Pohnpei, Micronesia
Saudeleur Dynasty
c. 700-1600 C.E.
Basalt boulders and prismatic columns -
Nara, Japan
743 C.E.; rebuilt c. 1700
Wood with ceramic-tile roofing -
Bronze
Located in the Great Buddha Hall (Daibutsuden)
Represent Vairocana Buddha
53 feet tall
Completed in 749 and dedicated in 753 C.E.
Almost bankrupted Nara
Severely damaged & repaired several times -
Central Java, Indonesia
Sailendra Dynasty
c. 750-842 C.E.
Volcanic-stone masonry -
Córdoba, Spain. Umayyad
c. 785-786 C.E.
Stone masonry -
Hindu, Angkor Dynasty
c. 800-1400 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone -
Arab, North Africa or Near East
Abbasid. c. eighth to ninth century C.E.
Ink, color, and gold on parchment -
Angkor Wat
Hindu, Angkor Dynasty
c. 800-1400 C.E.
Sandstone -
Angkor Thom
Hindu, Angkor Dynasty
c. 800-1400 C.E. Stone masonry, sandstone -
Umayyad
c. 968 C.E.
Ivory -
Terra cotta fragment
Solomon Islands, Reef Islands
1000 B.C.E
Terra cotta -
Southeastern Zimbabwe
Shona peoples
c. 1000-1400 C.E.
Coursed granite blocks -
Fan Kuan
c. 1000 C.E.
Ink and colors on silk -
Rapa Nui (Easter Island)
c. 1100-1600 C.E.
Volcanic tuff figures on basalt base -
Mali
Founded c. 1200 C.E.; rebuilt 1906-1907
Adobe -
from Todai-ji
Various artists including sculptors Unkei and Keikei, as well as the Kei School
c. 1200 C.E.
Wood -
Kamakura Period, Japan
c. 1250-1300 C.E.
Handscroll (ink and color on paper) -
Last judgment of Hu-Nefer, from his tomb
New Kingdom, 19th Dynasty
c.1275 B.C.E.
Painted papyrus scroll -
Muhammad ibn al-Zain
c. 1320-1340 C.E.
Brass inlaid with gold and silver -
Islamic
Persian, Il-Khanid
c. 1330-1340 C.E.
Ink and opaque watercolor, gold, and silver on paper -
Granada, Spain. Nasrid Dynasty
1354-1391 C.E.
Whitewashed adobe stucco, wood, tile, paint, and gilding -
Workshop of Robert Campin
1427-1432 C.E. Oil on wood
Northern Renaissance -
Jan van Eyck
c. 1434 C.E.
Oil on wood
Northern Renaissance -
Donatello
c. 1440-1460 C.E.
Bronze
High renaissance. -
Fra Filippo Lippi
c. 1465 C.E.
Tempera on wood
Florentine Renaissance -
Kyoto, Japan
Muromachi Period, Japan
c. 1480 C.E.; current design most likely dates to the 18th century
Rock garden -
Leonardo da Vinci
c. 1494-1498 C.E. Oil and tempera -
Beijing, China. Ming Dynasty.
15th century C.E. and later
Stone masonry, marble, brick, wood, and ceramic tile -
Imperial Bureau of Painting
c. 15th century C.E.
Hanging scroll (ink and color on silk) -
Beijing, China. Ming Dynasty.
15th century C.E. and later
Stone masonry, marble, brick, wood, and ceramic tile -
Albrecht Dürer
1504 C.E.
Engraving
Northern Renaissance -
School of Athens
Raphael
c. 1509-1511 C.E. Fresco
High Renaissance -
Matthias Grünewald
c. 1512-1516 C.E.
Oil on wood
Northern Renaissance -
Shahnama
Sultan Muhammad
c. 1522-1525 C.E.
Ink, opaque watercolor, and gold on paper -
Jacopo da Pontormo
1525-1528 C.E.
Oil on wood
Manerism -
Titian
c. 1538 C.E. Oil on canvas
The Late Renaissance -
Maqsud of Kashan
1539-1540 C.E.
Silk and wool -
Vatican City, Italy
Michelangelo
Ceiling frescoes: c. 1508-1512 C.E.
Altar frescoes: c. 1536-1541 C.E.
Fresco -
Michelangelo
Sistine Chapel, 1536-1541 C.E.
Fresco
Late Renaissance -
Viceroyalty of New Spain
c. 1541-1542 C.E.
Ink and color on paper -
Pieter Bruegel the Elder
1565 C.E. Oil on wood
Northern Renascence -
Edirne, Turkey
Sinan (architect)
1568-1575 C.E.
Brick and stone -
Rome, Italy; Giacomo da Vignola (architect); Giacomo della Porta, facade (architect); Church: 16th Century C.E.; Facade: 1568-1584 C.E.
Brick, marble, stucco -
Edo peoples, Benin (Nigeria)
16th century C.E.
Cast brass -
Caravaggio
c. 1597-1601 C.E.
Oil on canvas
Southern Baroque -
Bichitr
c. 1620 C.E.
Watercolor, gold, and ink on paper -
from the Marie de’ Medici Cycle
Peter Paul Rubens
1621-1625 C.E.
Oil on canvas
Southern & Northern Aristocratic Baroque -
Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India
Masons, marble workers, mosaicists, and decorators working under the supervision of Ustad Ahmad Lahori, architect of the emperor. 1632-1653 C.E.
Stone masonry and marble with inlay of precious and semiprecious stones; gardens -
Rembrandt van Rijn
1636 C.E.
Etching
Northern Bourgeois Baroque -
Church of Santa Maria della Vittoria
Gian Lorenzo Bernini
c. 1647-1652 C.E.
Marble
Southern Baroque -
Diego Velázquez
c. 1656 C.E.
Oil on canvas
Southern & Northern Aristocratic Baroque Art -
Johannes Vermeer
c. 1664 C.E.
Oil on canvas
Northern Bourgeois Baroque -
Circle of the González Family c. 1697-1701 C.E.
Tempera and resin on wood, shell inlay -
Miguel González
c. 1698 C.E.
Based on original Virgin of Guadalupe Basilica of Guadalupe, Mexico City
16th Century C.E.
Oil on canvas on wood, inlaid with mother-of-pearl -
Ashanti peoples (south central Ghana)
c. 1700 C.E.
Gold over wood and cast-gold attachments -
Master of Calamarca (La Paz School)
c. 17th Century C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Ogata Korin
c. 1710-1716 C.E.
Ink, watercolor, and gold leaf on paper -
Attributed to Juan Rodríguez Juárez c. 1715 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Miguel Cabrera
c. 1750 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Kuba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. 1760-1780 C.E.
Wood -
Jean-Honoré Fragonard
1767 C.E.
Oil on canvas
Rococo -
Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun
1790 C.E.
Oil on canvas
Rococo -
Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun
1790 C.E.
Oil on canvas
Romanticism -
Hawaiian
Late 18th century C.E.
Feathers and fiber -
Rarotonga, Cook Islands, central Polynesia
Late 18th to early 19th century C.E.
Wood, tapa, fiber, and feathers -
Nukuoro, Micronesia
c. 18th to 19th century C.E.
Wood -
Katsushika Hokusai
1830-1833 C.E.
Polychrome woodblock print; ink and color on paper -
Joseph Mallord William Turner
1840 C.E.
Oil on canvas
Romanticism -
Gustave Courbet
1849 C.E. (destroyed in 1945)
Oil on canvas
Realism & Photography -
Niue
c. 1850-1900 C.E.
Tapa or bark cloth, freehand painting -
Jose María Velasco 1882 C.E.
Oil on canvas -
Gottfried Lindauer
Maori (Nga-ti-toa tribe)
Auckland National Art Gallery
1890 C.E.
Oil on canvas
40.1’’ x 33.1’’ -
Auguste Rodin
1884-1895 C.E.
Bronze
Realism & Photography -
Chokwe peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
Late 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, fiber, pigment, and metal -
Sande Society, Mende peoples (West African forests of Sierra Leone and Liberia)
19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, cloth, and fiber -
Bamileke (Cameroon, western grassfields region)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, woven raffia, cloth, and beads -
Fang peoples (southern Cameroon)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood -
Mbudye Society, Luba peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood, beads, and metal -
Kongo peoples (Democratic Republic of the Congo)
c. late 19th century C.E.
1066 - 1067 CE
Wood and metal -
Marshall Islands, Micronesia
19th to early 20th century C.E.
Wood and fiber -
Ikenga (shrine figure)
Igbo peoples (Nigeria)
c. 19th to 20th century C.E.
Wood -
Mid to late 19th Century
Torres Strait (islander People)
Maubiag Island
25 in
Turtle shell, wood, fiber, feathers, and shell -
Olowe of Ise (Yoruba peoples)
c. 1910-1914 C.E.
Wood and pigment -
Fiji, Polynesia. 1953 C.E.
Multimedia performance (costume; cosmetics, including scent; chant; movement; and pandanus fiber/hibiscus fiber mats), photographic documentation -
Artist unknown
Based on an oil painting by Liu Chunhua
c. 1969 C.E.
Color lithograph -
Baule peoples (Côte d’Ivoire)
Early 20th century C.E.
Wood and pigment -
New Ireland Province, Papua New Guinea
c. 20th century C.E.
Wood, pigment, fiber, and shell -
Hindu
India (Tamil Nadu)
Chola Dynasty
c. 11th century C.E.
Cast bronze