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Period: 469 BCE to 399 BCE
Socrates - “Do not do to others what angers you if done to you by others."
It simply means treat others in the same way you would like to be treated. -
Period: 469 BCE to 399 BCE
Socrates - “We cannot live better than in seeking to become better.”
Even if the part's surface value appears to be restricted, this state is seeking from inside and is not seeking counsel from the outside world, but is willing to listen and study the part's value. -
Period: 460 BCE to 370 BCE
Democritus - "Happiness resides not in possessions, and not in gold, happiness dwells in the soul."
We're condemned to have just fleeting moments of happiness if we're exclusively satisfied with worldly items, because the euphoria fades quickly and we'll need another "injection" to feed our addiction. -
Period: 445 BCE to 365 BCE
Antisthenes - "The most useful piece of learning for the uses of life is to unlearn what is untrue."
When the initial evidence for a belief is withdrawn or when it is forcefully refuted, confirmation biases provide one possible explanation for its persistence. -
Period: 430 BCE to 354 BCE
Xenophon - “Moderation in all things healthful; total abstinence from all things harmful.”
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Period: 428 BCE to 387 BCE
Plato - “There are two things a person should never be angry at, what they can help, and what they cannot.”
Since Plato is well aware that retaliatory rage has a negative impact on people's behavior, the technique he employs in his dialogues is to turn or channel the destructive retaliatory anger into a more productive, reformative anger. -
Period: 428 BCE to 387 BCE
Plato - "Never discourage anyone... who continually makes progress. no matter how slow."
If you don’t give up on them, and they don’t give up on themselves, eventually they will get it. Is it possible to succeed if you don't persist, or are you condemned to the one irreversible failure, giving up? -
Period: 396 BCE to 314 BCE
Xenocrates - "Tragedy when ridiculed by comedy does not condescend a reply."
It's everyone's right to deal with tragedy in their own way. It may prompt the proper level of courtesy when it is disparaged. -
Period: 384 BCE to 322 BCE
Aristotle - “It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it.”
If you can retain a suggestion in your mind without immediately accepting or rejecting it, it suggests you will study the material with an open mind, a mixture of trust and skepticism. -
Period: 384 BCE to 322 BCE
Aristotle - "Dignity does not consist in possessing honors, but in deserving them."
The self-dignity that comes with correctly abiding to a code of honor is earned by deserving what is handed to you and taking the code seriously. Someone who follows such a code honestly earns the respect; nevertheless, someone who does not follow the code in a completely honest manner is someone who has no meaning or pride behind it. -
Period: 354 to 430
St. Augustine of Hippo
He was an early North African Christian theologian and philosopher whose writings influenced the development of Western Christianity and Western philosophy. St. Augustine is a fourth century philosopher whose groundbreaking philosophy infused Christian doctrine with Neoplatonism. Augustine struggled to reconcile his beliefs about free will and his belief that humans are morally responsible for their actions, with his belief that one’s life is predestined and his belief in original sin. -
Period: 1225 to 1274
St. Thomas Aquinas
He (AKA Thomas of Aquin or Aquino) was an Italian philosopher and theologian of the Medieval period. He was the foremost classical proponent of natural theology at the the peak of Scholasticism in Europe, and the founder of the Thomistic school of philosophy and theology. Combining the theological principles of faith with the philosophical principles of reason, he ranked among the most influential thinkers of medieval Scholasticism. -
Period: to
Immanuel Kant
He is one of the most influential philosophers in the history of Western philosophy. His contributions to metaphysics, epistemology, ethics, and aesthetics have had a profound impact on almost every philosophical movement that followed him. He made the Kantian ethics which developed as a result of Enlightenment rationalism, is based on the view that the only intrinsically good thing is a good will; an action can only be good if its maxim – the principle behind it – is duty to the moral law. -
Period: to
John Rawls
He was an American moral and political philosopher in the liberal tradition. A Theory of Justice is a work of political philosophy and ethics by John Rawls, in which the author attempts to solve the problem of distributive justice (the socially just distribution of goods in a society) by utilising a variant of the familiar device of the social contract.