-
The Royal Proclamation
The Royal Proclomation prevented any futher settlement accross North America until treaties had been negotiated with aboriginals. -
The Reserve System
- Aboriginals were pushed onto reservations that were managed by agents of the governent.
- Enclosed territories, limiting FN’s ability to participate in Cnd Econ b/c wealth is related to property. But land on reserves is actually owned by Fed. Gov’t. Any money is distributed through band councils.
-
The Indian Act
- The Indian Act was the govenrments official way of encouraging aboriginal peoples to give up their own culture and traditions, there by assimilating them into the mainstream culture of Canada.
- The Indian Act was the govenrments official way of encouraging aboriginal peoples to give up their own culture and traditions, there by assimilating them into the mainstream culture of Canada.
-
Aboriginal Right to Universial Suffrage
- Aboriginal peoples were finally given the right to vote in federal elections in Canada.
- Before 1960, in order to gain rights as a Canadian citizen, an Aboriginal person have to sacrifice give up his/her Indian status as well as the right to live on a reserve.
-
National Indian Brotherhood & Native Council of Canada Formed
- The National Indian Brotherhood (NIB) was formed to represent Status Indians and the Native council of Canada was created to represent Non Status Indians and Metis.
- Formed to lobby on behalf of Aboriginal people living on reserves
-
White Paper
The White Paper proposed the abolition of reserves and an end to special status for treaty Indians.- suggested FN should be treated exactly the same as other Cnd citizens (i.e. no reserves, must pay income tax)
- PM Trudeau & Indian Affairs Minister, Jean Chretien introduced the white paper
- Solution: Assimilation
-
Residential School System Abolished but not all closed
The residential school system was administered by Protestant and Catholic missionaries across the country. The residential school was designed to have the natice children live in dormitories away from there parents and their reserves. -Band schools emerged - Problem: secondary band schools far away from reserves therefore students had to live away from their families to go to school in cities such as Vancouver & New West (called the boarding home program)
- Problem: loneliness -
Movement toward Self Government
Aboriginal peoples want the right to self-government in order to make their own decisions about matters internal to their communities, integral to their unique cultures, traditions and languages, and connected with their relationship to the land and resources. They do not feel that the federal government has their best interests at heart regarding these matters. Other rights Aboriginal people have include: the right to control traditional land, to protect beliefs and culture, and to self gov't -
Assembly of the First Nations
-
Passing of Bill C-31
Bill C-31 gave Aboriginal band councils the power to decide who had the right to live on Aboriginal reserves where previous decisions had been made by the Department of Indian Affairs Specific Land Claims • are based on existing treaties.• Aboriginal peoples and the federal government have been signed, but their terms have not been kept Comprehensive Land Claims • are based on traditional use and occupancy• rights of Aboriginal nations to large tracts of land because their ancestors -
Meech Lake
The Meech Lake Accord did not recognize the distinct status of Aboriginal peoples in the same spirit as it recognized Quebec.Recall Elijah Harper, Aboriginal Leader from Manitoba opposed b/c he believed Ab pple deserved special status along side Quebec. -
Oka Stand Off
The Oka town council Officials decided to extend a nine-hole golf course on land that the Mohawks at a nearby Kanesatake reserved claimed had always belonged to them and was sacred. The ownership of the land had long been disputed. In response, the Mohawks set up blockades that lasted for more than six months. Result: The conflict ended when the Mohawks and the government reached an agreement and the federal government bought the disputed land and negotiated its transfer to the Kanesatake FN -
Nisga’a Treaty
1992 to 1998 1912, BC’s Nisga’a of the Nass Valley in the Northwest become the first group to make a land claim against the Canadian Government. In 1993, the Nisga’a won a partial victory in the Supreme court of Justice acknowledging Aboriginal title to the land. 1996, the Nisga’a Treaty:1) entitled to 8% of their original land 2) ownership of the forest3) partial profits form salmon fisheries & hydro development4) right to develop their own municipal gov’t & policing -
Gustafasen Lake BC
Aboriginal peoplere-occupied land that they claimed was sacred ground -
Ipperwash Ontario
Aboriginal people occupied land on a former army based which was taken during WWII but never returned -
Delgamuluukw Case
1998 Delgamuluukw Case ruled on: It ruled that AB groups could claim ownership of the land if they can prove that they occupied the land before the Canadian gov’t claimed sovereignty, and that they occupied it continuously and exclusively. -
Statement of Reconciliation issued in
The purpose of the Statement of Reconciliation was for the Canadian government to issues an official statement recognizing that the policies which sought to assimilate Aboriginal peoples were not conducive to building a strong country. -
Creation of Nunavut
The creation of Nunavut marks the powerful changes/successful negotiations being made by the First Nations People. This treaty gave the Inuit control over 1.6 million sq. km of land on the Eastern Arctic. In the political system of Nunavut there are no political parties – people run for election as individuals, and then the elected members vote for the member who they want to lead the government.