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President Thomas Jefferson commissioned the Corps of Discovery Expedition (1804-06), led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark, to explore the territory acquired in the Louisiana Purchase, among other objectives.
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The Convention respecting fisheries, boundary and the restoration of slaves between the United States of America and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, also known as the London Convention, Anglo-American Convention of 1818,Convention of 1818
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In the 19th century, manifest destiny was a widely held belief in the United States that its settlers were destined to expand across North America.
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Webster Ashburton Treaty. Treaty that resolved the border issues between U.S. and British North America. John Tyler signed this Treaty and resolved the Aroostook War.
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Dec.29th,1845 The annexation of Texas. U.S. President James K. Polk oversaw the greatest territorial expansion of the United States to date.
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Mexican War 1846-1848 Congress declared war on Mexico over: - Disputes over Texas's annexation - Boundary disputes over the US / Mexico border - Mexico's refusal to negotiate
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In 1846, the Oregon boundary dispute between the U.S. and Britain was settled with the signing of the Oregon Treaty. The British gained sole possession of land north of the 49th parallel with the United States receiving the territory south of that line.
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The Treaty of Washington (Oregon Treaty) is signed
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Walker Tariff (Tariff of 1846) is signed into law by President James Polk. It replaces tariffs on specific goods with an ad valorum tariff
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Second Independent Treasury Act signed into law by James Polk
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Aug.8th, 1846 the Wilmot Proviso was established by James K.Polk. This was designed to eliminate slavery within the land acquired as a result of the Mexican War
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Treaty of guadalupe hidalgo, US gained Upper California and New Mexico. Established Rio Grande as boundary between Texas and Mexico. US paid $15 million to Mexico for their loss of land. The name of the land received from Mexico was the Mexican Cession.
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Plains Indians Wars. Conflicts between Native Americans and the European Americans where U.S. would gain land/ control over the Mississippi River and the Rocky mountains
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Compromise of 1850 After President Zachery Taylor's death in 1850, the appointment of more flexible Millard Filmore brought back up the topic of the issues of slavery.
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John C. Calhoun writes privately that the South "cannot with safety remain in the Union."
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Too ill to deliver his prepared text to the Senate against Clay's plan, John C. Calhoun listens as Virginia Senator James M. Mason reads the text for him.
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The original bills of the Compromise of 1850 are completed. They were written individually by Stephen Douglas
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Committee of Thirteen agree on the the border of Texas as part of the Compromise of 1850. It will later be revised
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President Taylor dies of gastroenteritis. Millard Fillmore becomes President
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Henry Clay's Omnibus Bill (the original Compromise of 1850 legislation) is defeated
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James Pearce Plan for the Compromise of 1850 is proposed. Under this plan Texas retains more land and receives $10 million for the land it gives up. It is this plan that is finally adopted in the Compromise
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Millard Fillmore, in a message to Congress, urges the payment of Texas for abandoning her claims to a portion of New Mexico.
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The short-lived Southern National party is formed in Macon, Georgia, by Barnwell Rhett, William Lowndes Yancy and others.
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James Pierce's plan is accepted, making it a fundimental piece of the Compromise of 1850
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The fugitive salve act required that all escaped slaves were, upon capture, to be returned to their masters and that officials and citizens of free states had to cooperate in this law.
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Second Nashville Convention
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Uncle Tom's Cabin 1850 Anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe. Popular in the North because it told about the cruelty of slavery and showed it in powerful words.
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The Kansas Nebraska act allowed people in the territories of Kansas and Nebraska to decide for themselves whether or not to allow slavery within their borders. It had the opposite effect reducing tensions, it hardened people's positions across the nation.
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The Gadsden Purchase is a 29,670-square-mile region of present-day southern Arizona and southwestern New Mexico that the United States purchased via a treaty signed on December 30, 1853, by James Gadsden, U.S. ambassador to Mexico at that time.
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The dred scott case.Scott was denied freedom by the supreme court based on that he was considered as property and not a citizen of the state he lived in nor of the U.S. This case led to the Missouri Compromise being deemed unconstitutional and hardening.
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Lincoln-Douglas debates. The topics discussed were of critical importance to both slavery and state's rights. However, it was most crucial in determining the future of slavery in the union and in the U.S as a whole.
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John Brown's raid on Harper's Ferry, Virginia, in 1859, was an effort by white abolitionist John Brown to initiate an armed slave revolt by taking over a United States arsenal.
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the election of 1860. Southerners talked of secession, but Lincoln's election is what led to the first southern state seceding less than two months later and the attack on ft. Sumter a month after his inauguration.
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At Georgia’s secession convention, Eugenius Nisbet introduced a resolution calling for Georgia’s secession from the Union and cooperating with other seceded states to form a “Southern Confederacy.”
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Delegates attending Georgia’s secession convention voted 208-89 to adopt an Ordinance of Secession.
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The six delegates who had not signed the Ordinance of Secession did sign a statement of protest, but agreed to yield to the majority.
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Thomas Butler King was appointed as Georgia’s commissioner to Great Britain, France, and Belgium to explain the reasons for Georgia’s secession and to further promote direct trade with Georgia.
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Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated as President of the United States.
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In Montgomery, AL, the Confederate Congress adopted the Constitution of the Confederate States of America, written primarily by T.R.R. Cobb and Robert Toombs.
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Alexander Stephens, provisional Confederate Vice-President, delivered his famous “Cornerstone” speech at the secession convention in Savannah. In the speech he proclaimed that “our new government is founded upon exactly the opposite idea.
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President Abraham Lincoln ordered a blockade of all Southern seaports.
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Georgian John Archibald Campbell resigned from the U.S. Supreme Court to serve as Confederate Assistant Secretary of War
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Voters of Georgia and other southern states officially elected Jefferson Davis as president and Alexander Stephens as vice president of the Confederate government.
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Union forces began bombardment of Fort Pulaski.
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ames Andrews and a group of Union raiders stole the “General” locomotive, hoping to use it to destroy bridges and tracks of the Western & Atlantic Railroad from Atlanta to Chattanooga. His unsuccessful effort would later be known as the Andrews Raid.
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Atlanta officially became a Confederate military post. On the same day Georgian John B. Gordon was promoted to major general.
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Homestead Act. Signed by President Abe Lincoln, this act encouraged Western immigration and provided settlers with 160 acres of public land. This helped U.S. with labor and increased economic production.
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President Abraham Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation, declaring all slaves free in the eleven southern states then in rebellion.
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Four Union gunboats destroyed blockade runner Rattlesnake (formerly the CSS Nashville) near Fort McAllister, Georgia
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Atlanta received 163 Union prisoners captured two days earlier at the Battle of Chickamauga; the first Federal prisoners in the Civil War sent to Atlanta.
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The Battle of Lookout Mountain took place, in which Union forces launched an assault up the moutain’s steep slopes. During the battle (also known as the Battle Above the Clouds), there was fierce fighting by both sides.
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General Robert. E. Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House. Many Georgians were still in the Confederate army at the time of surrender, including General John B. Gordon, who had taken part in the final battle at Appomattox.
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Abraham Lincoln was shot at Ford’s Theater in Washington, D.C.; he died the following morning.
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Battle of Jonesboro. After this battle the supply line for the Confederate army was broken, forcing them to abandon Atlanta.
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The infamous March to the Sea began, when William T. Sherman led his armies on a march through Georgia on their way to Savannah; they were hindered briefly at the Battle of Stockbridge.
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Sand Creek Massacre. A 675- man U.S. force attacked and destroyed the village of Cheyenne and Arapaho Native Americans led by John Chivington
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: William T. Sherman and most of his army left Georgia, crossing into South Carolina. They left a small force behind, occupying Savannah.
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Seward's Folly. U.S. bought Alaska from Russia and the Treaty that sold Alaska was signed by Secretary of state William Seward. Critics then called it Seward's Folly.
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the General Assembly ratified the Fifteenth Amendment; on July 15 President Ulysses Grant signed an act restoring Georgia’s representation in Congress. This act was called the Georgia Bill, the end of Reconstruction in Georgia.
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Radical Reconstruction came to an end in Georgia with the inauguration of Democrat James Milton Smith as governor. Georgia had been readmitted to the Union in 1870, and troops had been withdrawn in 1871,this inauguration marked the end of Reconstruction.
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Georgia born Roman Catholic priest James Augustine Healy was named Bishop of the Portland, Maine diocese, making him the first African-American bishop in America.
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The Battle of the Little Bighorn. An armed battle where Colonel Custer and his troops invaded the Lakota Sioux and Cheyenne Indians and Custer was overwhelmed with the number of troops and led to a Native American Victory
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Social Darwinism and U.S. imperialism. Late 19th century practice that helped the U.S. to justify imperialism, and expansion.
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" A Century of Dishonor". Helen Hunt Jackson non fiction novel that showed the experiencs of Native Americans during the American Indian Wars.
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Dawes Act 1887. Authorized the President of the United States to survey Native Americans about their land and division assignments.
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Wounded Knee Massacre was the final chapter in the United States and Native American West where U.S.invaded the South Dakota natives land and Arrested"Big Foot" and took over while killing women and children
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A massive explosion of unknown origin sinks the battleship USS Maine in Cuba’s Havana harbor, killing 260 of the fewer than 400 American crew members aboard.
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The Zimmermann Telegram was a secret diplomatic communication issued from the German Foreign Office in Jan. 1917 a military alliance between Germany and Mexico in the event of the United States' entering World War I against Germany.
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The Treaty of Versailles (French: Traité de Versailles) was the most important of the peace treaties that brought World War I to an end. The Treaty ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers.
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Young Plan, (1929), second renegotiation of Germany’s World War I reparation payments. A new committee, chaired by the American Owen D. Young, met in Paris on Feb. 11, 1929, to revise the Dawes Plan of 1924
