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Period: to
thearts
Hist. 215 section 13 group 2 reseach project timeline -
The Scottish Kilt
In the mid-1600s, a number of men in the Scottish Highlands were easily identified by the use of their plaid skirts, also known as kilts. A canvas oil painting completed in 1829 entitled “George IV,” by Sir David Wilkie illustrates the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland adorned in traditional Scottish dress. This portrait demonstrates the adoption of the fashion by monarchical figures of authority in the coming centuries. -
Jean-Baptiste Lully
(Jean-Baptiste Lully. "Ballet Royal d'Alcidiane". 1658. Music score. IMSLP). In the image above, we see the cover of Jean-Baptiste Lully's "Ballet Royal d'Alcidiane", a work he composed for Louis XIV in February 1658. Being under the patronage of the most powerful absolute monarch, Lully arguably had one of the most important roles for musicians in this day. His works and his career display the power and majesty of absolute monarchs such as Louis XIV in the 17th century. -
Visite de Louis XIV à la Manufacture des Gobelins by Charles Le Brun
Tapestry During the reign of the Sun King, the arts were dedicated to showcasing the power and splendor of the absolute monarch. Charles Le Brun designed this famous tapestry illustrating Louis XIV's visit to the Gobelins factory, which created elaborate furniture and tapestries to furnish his palaces. During his visit, Louis XIV was accompanied by Le Brun and Jean-Baptiste Colbert, his superintendent of finance. -
Still-Life of Flowers by Jan Baptist Bosschaert
Medium:Oil on canvas. This artwork depicts a stylized version of a traditional french baroque floral arrangement popular from A.D. 1600-1750. An great example of the asymmetrical cruves popular in the baroque period and the great variety of flowers used. -
Twelve Months of Flowers by Robert Furber
Written by Furber as a catalog of plants and seeds it contained twelve very detailed engravings of seasons plants in bloom, one for each month. The engravings were produced by Henry Fletcher based on paintings by the flemish painter Pieter Casteels. -
Extravagance of Louis XIV
Several years later, the French dominated the European clothing scene, where women were adorned with immense hoop skirts, called paniers at the time. The continuance of this fashion can be depicted in the Arthur Devis’ canvas painting entitled “Portrait of a Lady” realized in 1750, where the significance of the farthingale was common even after the reign of Louis XIV. -
Gin Lane by William Hogarth
Print In 18th century with the decline of organized religion, a more broadly based culture emerged and art began to portray the middle class. Artists, just as writers had, began to use their art to critize issues in society and to direct change. William Hogarth was a pioneer in satirical caricatures and moral paintings. Pictured here, Gin Lane portrayed the seedy side of London and was printed as part of a campaign to reduce alcoholism and introduce licensing of retail premises. -
Bibliography of Handel
(John Mainwaring, "Memoirs of the Life of Late George Frederic Handel", 1760, Book, IMSLP) This biography of Handel written by one of his friends helps us to see how his career is linked to the ideas of the Enlightenment. By observing his shift from patronage to public concerts, we see the change in society that was beginning to take place due to the challenging ideas of the philosopehers about absolutism. -
Oath of the Horatii by Jacques-Louis David
Painting The French Revolution was a period of social and political upheaval in France that culminated from decades of economic hardship and unpopular absolute monarchy. An ardent revolutionary, Jacques-Louis David stressed self-sacrifice and loyalty to the state in many of his paintings from this era. Oath of the Horatii shows a scene from a tale of two warring cities in the book of Livy. Here, the three Horatii brothers are shown pledging to fight in a duel to the death in order to protect their city. -
Impact of the French Revolution
Following the reign of terror during the French Revolution, class distinction was eliminated in dress, where displaying a wealthy appearance could be dangerous to a life. The Portrait entitled “Portrait of a Man Seated at a Desk,” designed by Marianne Loir beautifully embodies the typical masculine French costume during the 1750s period. -
La Marseillaise
(Claude-Joseph Rouget de Lisle. "La Marseillaise". 1792. Music Score. IMSLP). Originaly written as a marching song for Marseilles troops, the composition became an anthem for the French Revolution when the revolutionary troops entered Paris on July 30, 1792. This piece displays the radical political changes and revolutions that turned France upside down, also encouraging reforms elsewhere in Europe. -
The love of flowers, plate 78 from 'le Bon Genre'
A colour engraving from the French School. Depicts the classic flower filled basket, a common floral arragement of that period in France. -
Victorian England Middle Class Culture
In the nineteenth century, the Victorian era established a prominent middle class society, where a material culture emphasized femininity among women in Great Britain. As illustrated by the English photograph named “Florence Nightingale,” women in the mid-nineteenth century wore quite lavish gowns. This source illustrates typical evening dress among Victorian women. -
The Indian Court and Jewels by Henry Clarke Pidgeon
Watercolour This watercolour was part of a series of images published in 'Recollection of the Great Exhibition,' a souvenir guide for visitors. The exhibition was dreamt up by Prince Albert to diplay the wonders of industry and manufactoring from around the world. Among Britain's displays were railway locomotives, furs from Canada, and jewels from India. The Great Exhibition, attracting over six million visitors, greatly reinforced the pervasive feeling of British supremacy during the Victorian era. -
Athletic Influence on Victorian Dress
Male attire during the Victorian Reign was highly influenced by country life, seeing as a number of men were directly involved in sports such as riding. A drawing realized by W. Holl labeled “His Royal Highness Prince Albert” depicts the emergence of the mellow frock-coat fashion, where the Monarchy accepted athletic male day clothing. Over time, Prince Albert was known for wearing the frock coat. -
Wagner's Ring Cycle
(Richard Wagner. "Der Ring des Nebelungen". 1876. Music Score. IMSLP). This piece is viewed as a German nationalist work and has been used to create a mythic national history for unified Germany from the moment it finished its first representation on August 17, 1876. This work was also later used by the Nazis to promote German culture and identity. -
A Young Man Presenting a Bouquet to a Girl Standing in a Drawing Room by Arthur Rackham
Pen & Ink on paper. Depicts the common practice of presenting flower bouquets in Victorian England, also depicted in the background is the common practice of displaying faux flowers or dried flowers in a glass shade for protection and decoration. -
First Performance of La Mer
(Claude Debusy. "La Mer". 1905. Music score. IMSLP). The image above shows the first page of the score from "La Mer". After he composed the piece from 1903-1905, it slowly became one of the most popular works of the impressionist movement. Impressionism is a style that displays musical imagery and creates an atmosphere focused on emotions rather than plain reality. This style is closely linked to "La Belle Époque", a period of relative peace and economic growth in Europe before the Great War. -
Flower Decoration in the House by Gertrude Jekyll
A guidebook written by Jekyll a prominent birtish horticulturalist, written for any homeowner, was greatly influencial in the development of the art of floral decoration in the 20th century. Particularly as it caused the idea that flower deocations could increase the quality of a room to become widely accepted. -
20th Century Commercial Impacts on Female Attire
Factors such as industrialization and increased trade allowed for different fashionable female influences from various countries across the globe. A hint of exoticism in female dress can be seen through the photograph realized in 1910 entitled “Mata Hari.” This French image depicts an Oriental flare in European dress, comprised of a revealing nature, adorned with exotic decoration and headdress. -
War Cripples (Kriegskrüppel) by Otto Dix
Print This print shows war veterans in full military dress marching down a street. Amputees became a common sight in Germany after WWI. During the late 1930s, when Nazis began seizing art they deemed 'degenerate' (avant-garde art or pieces by Jewish or communist artists), Dix was among the artists they attacked. War Cripples, deemed 'insufficiently patriotic,' was one of hundreds of pieces displayed during the infamous Degenerate Art show in 1937 and later destroyed. -
Al Jolson Records Swanee
(George Gershwin and Irving Ceasar. "Swanee". 1919. Music score. IMSLP). The image above is the front cover of the score for one of the biggest hits of the 1920s: Swanee. The song, which sold a million copies just in music sheets, was first made famous by Al Jolson after he recorded it in January 1920. It was played in clubs and theaters all around the world after its wild popularity in America, and is closely linked to the jazz movement of the "Roaring Twenties". -
ROSTA Window series #42 by Vladimir Mayakovsky
Poster A Russian writer and artist, Mayakovsky embraced the Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 and devoted his energies into creating propaganda for the new state. ROSTA windows were stencilled posters designed for the iliterate masses that were displayed in shop windows. This particular poster is titled 'Sowing Campaign: Let's fulfill the decree!' However, by 1930, the state had passed over the Russian avant-garde for Socialist Realism; this rejection caused Mayakovsky to commit suicide that year. -
Photograph of a 1940's Living Room
Appeared in the octorber issue of the Better Homes and Gardens magazine. Depicts a japanese inspired floral arrangement (Ikebana), which became popular after world war II. While the magazine was an american one at this point interior design and therefore floral arragements that were popular in the US were often popular in Europe as well.
